Nudibranch Facts

Nudibranch Facts Enchanting to both divers and scientists, colorful nudibranchs (pronounced nooda-bronk and including Nudibranchia, suborders Aeolidida and Doridacea) inhabit the sea floors of oceans all over the world. The unattractively named sea slug comes in a fantastic array of shapes and neon-bright colors that they themselves cannot see. Fast Facts: Nudibranchs (Sea Slugs) Scientific Name: Nudibranchia, suborders Aeolidida and DoridaceaCommon Name: Sea slugBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: Microscopic to 1.5 feet longWeight: Up to just over 3 poundsLifespan: A few weeks to a year  Diet:  CarnivoreHabitat: On seafloors all over the world, between 30 and 6,500 feet below the water surfacePopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Nudibranchs are mollusks in the class Gastropoda, which includes snails, slugs, limpets, and sea hairs. Many gastropods have a shell. Nudibranchs have a shell in their larval stage, but it disappears in the adult form. Gastropods also have a foot and all young gastropods undergo a process called ​​torsion in their larval stage. In this process, the entire top of their body twists 180 degrees on their foot. This results in the placement of the gills and anus above the head, and adults that are asymmetrical in form. The word nudibranch comes from the Latin word nudus (naked) and Greek brankhia (gills), in reference to the gills or gill-like appendages which protrude from the backs of many nudibranchs. They also may have tentacles on their heads that help them smell, taste, and get around. A pair of tentacles called rhinophores on the nudibranchs head have scent receptors that allow the nudibranch to smell its food or other nudibranchs. Because the rhinophores stick out and can be a target for hungry fish, most nudibranchs have the ability to withdraw the rhinophores and hide them in a pocket in their skin if the nudibranch senses danger. Amin Benhameurlaine  / Getty Images Species There are over 3,000 species of nudibranchs, and new species are still being discovered. They range in size from microscopic to over a foot and a half long  and can weigh up to just over 3 pounds. If youve seen one nudibranch, you havent seen them all. They come in an astonishingly wide variety of colors and shapes- many have brightly colored stripes or spots and flamboyant appendages on their head and back. Some species are transparent and/or bio-luminescent, like the Phylliroe. Nudibranchs thrive in an enormous variety of underwater environments, from shallow, temperate, and tropic reefs to Antarctica and even hydrothermal vents. cbpix/Getty Images Suborders Two main suborders of nudibranchs are dorid nudibranchs (Doridacea) and aeolid nudibranchs (Aeolidida). Dorid nudibranchs, like the Limacia cockerelli, breathe through gills that are on their posterior (back) end. Aeolid nudibranchs have cerata  or finger-like appendages that cover their back. The cerata can be a variety of shapes- thread-like, club-shaped, clustered, or branched. They have multiple functions, including breathing, digestion, and defense. Habitat and Distribution Nudibranchs are found in all the worlds oceans, from cold water to warm water. You might find nudibranchs in your local tide pool, while snorkeling or diving on a tropical coral reef, or even in some of the coldest parts of the ocean or in thermal vents. They live on or near the sea floor and have been identified at depths between 30 and 6,500 feet below the ocean surface. Diet Most Nudibranchs eat using a radula, a toothed structure that they use to scrape off prey from the rocks they cling to; some suck out the prey after predigesting its tissue with selected enzymes, rather like a wasp. They are carnivorous, so that prey includes sponges, coral, anemones, hydroids, barnacles, fish eggs, sea slugs, and other nudibranchs. Nudibranchs are picky eaters- individual species or families of nudibranchs may eat only one kind of prey. Nudibranchs get their bright colors from the food they eat. These colors may be used for camouflage or to warn predators of the poison that lies within. The Spanish shawl nudibranch (Flabellina iodinea) feeds on a species of hydroid called Eudendrium ramosum, which possesses a pigment called astaxanthin that gives the nudibranch its brilliant purple, orange, and red coloration. Some nudibranchs, like the Blue Dragon, create their own food by eating coral with algae. The nudibranch absorbs the algaes chloroplasts (zooxanthellae) into the cerata, which acquire nutrients by photosynthesis using the sun to sustain the nudibranch for months. Others have evolved other ways of farming zooxanthellae, housing them in their digestive gland. Behavior The sea slugs can see light and dark, but not their own brilliant coloration, so the colors are not intended to attract mates. With their limited vision, their sense of the world is obtained through their rhinophores (on top of the head) and oral tentacles (near the mouth). Not all nudibranchs are colorful; some use defensive camouflage to match the vegetation and hide, some can change their colors to fit, some hide their bright colors only to bring them out to warn off predators. Nudibranchs move on a flat, broad muscle called a foot, which leaves a slimy trail. While most are found on the ocean floor, some can swim short distances in the water column by flexing their muscles. Some even swim upside down. Aeolid nudibranchs can use their cerata for defense. Some of their prey such as Portuguese man-of-wars have a specialized cell in their tentacles called nematocysts that contain a barbed or venomous coiled thread. Nudibranchs eat the nematocysts and store them in the nudibranchs cerata where they can be used late to sting predators. Dorid nudibranchs make their own toxins or absorb toxins them from their food and release those into the water when needed. Despite the unsavory or toxic taste they can present to their non-human predators, most nudibranchs are harmless to humans, except those like Glaucus atlanticus which consumes nematocytes and so may consider you a predator and sting. Reproduction and Offspring Nudibranchs are hermaphrodites, meaning that they have reproductive organs of both sexes. Because they cant move too far, too fast and are solitary in nature, its important for them to be able to reproduce if the situation presents itself. Having both sexes means that they can mate with any adult that happens to pass by. Nudibranchs lay masses of spiral-shaped or coiled eggs, which are for the most part left on their own. The eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae which eventually settle onto the ocean bottom as adults. Only one species of nudibranch, the Pteraeolidia ianthina, exhibits parental care by guarding the newly-laid egg masses. Nudibranchs and Humans Scientists study nudibranchs because of their complex chemical makeup and adaptations. They have rare or novel chemical compounds which possess anti-microbial and anti-parasitic traits which may aid in the fight against cancer.   Studies of nudibranch DNA also offer assistance in tracking ocean conditions relative to climate change. Threats These beautiful animals dont live very long; some live up to a year, but some only for a few weeks. The global population of nudibranchs is currently unassessed- researchers are still discovering new ones each year- but field observations such as that conducted by Endangered Species International suggest that many species are becoming rare, due to water pollution, degradation, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline associated with global warming.   Sources Bertsch, Hans. Nudibranchs: Sea Slugs With Verve. The Slug Site, 2004.Cheney, Karen L. and Nerida G. Wilson. Quick Guide: Nudibranchs. Current Biology Magazine 28.R4–R5, January 8, 2018.Epstein, Hannah E, et al. Reading between the Lines: Revealing Cryptic Species Diversity and Colour Patterns in Hypselodoris Nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae).  Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.zly048 (2018).King, Rachael. Is It a Worm? A Snail? No...Its a Nudibranch!. Southeast Regional Taxonomic Center, Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.Knowlton, Nancy. Citizens of the Sea: Wondrous Creatures From the Census of Marine Life. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010.Lewis, Ricki. Celebrating National Sea Slug Day. PLOS Blogs: Diverse Perspectives on Science and Medicine, November 1, 2018.Nudibranchs and other sea slugs. New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 2016.

Best Character Analysis Tom Buchanan - The Great Gatsby

Best Character Analysis Tom Buchanan - The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Tom Buchanan – hulking, hyper-masculine, aggressive, and super-rich – is The Great Gatsby’s chief representative of old money, and (in a book with many unlikeable people) one of the book’s least sympathetic characters. He is Gatsby’s rival for Daisy’s love, but he is also caught up in an affair with Myrtle Wilson that proves fatal for many involved. So what’s important to understand about Tom? What are his motivations? Is there anything sympathetic about him at all? Find out here! Article Roadmap Tom Buchanan as a character: Physical description Biographical backstory Actions in the novel Analysis of Tom Buchanan: Quotes about or by Tom Frequent essay topics and discussion questions FAQ answering common student questions about Tom Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Tom Buchanan's Physical Description He had changed since his New Haven years. Now he was a sturdy, straw haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner. Two shining, arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face and gave him the appearance of always leaning aggressively forward. Not even the effeminate swank of his riding clothes could hide the enormous power of that body- he seemed to fill those glistening boots until he strained the top lacing and you could see a great pack of muscle shifting when his shoulder moved under his thin coat. It was a body capable of enormous leverage- a cruel body. (1.19) Tom is established from the outset as masculine, aggressive, and, most importantly, dangerous. We also get a much more complete physical description of him than we ever get of Gatsby or Nick, which leaves little room to ever see Tom in a different, more sympathetic light – and in fact, all subsequent descriptions continue to show Tom as masculine, aggressive, and strong. Tom's Backstory Tom Buchanan is born into money, so along with Daisy, he is the book’s chief representation of old money, and what it means and looks like to be a member of that class. He attends Yale University, where he meets Nick, plays on the football team, and makes a few enemies: â€Å"there were men at New Haven that hated his guts† (1.20). A few years after, he marries Daisy, a wealthy heiress from Louisville. Daisy’s very much in love with him at first.But just after their South Seas honeymoon is over, he cheats on her with a maid at the Santa Barbara hotel they’re staying at, beginning a pattern of infidelity that we see continued in the novel (4.143). The two move around, spending time in Chicago and even abroad in France, â€Å"wherever people played polo and were rich together† (1.17). They have a daughter, Pammy, but Tom seems distant from her – after Daisy wakes up after giving birth, he’s â€Å"god knows where† (1.8) – in fact we never see Tom and Pammy in the same room in the novel. The family moves to New York, and Tom begins having an affair with Myrtle Wilson shortly afterwards. You can see how Tom's biography intersects with the backstories of the novel's other characters in ourGreat Gatsbytimeline. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Summary of Action in the Novel In Chapter 1, Daisy Buchanan invites her cousin Nick Carraway to dinner at the Buchanans’ house. Nick is an old classmate of Tom’s who just moved to New York. Daisy and Nick take a private walk where Daisy confesses some of her unhappiness to Nick, but Tom cautions Nick not to believe everything Daisy says. In Chapter 2, Tom takes Nick with him to see Myrtle, his mistress. They meet up in Queens and then later in Manhattan, and have a party at the apartment Tom keeps for Myrtle. As the evening draws to a close, Tom punches Myrtle in the face and breaks her nose. In Chapter 6, Tom attends one of Gatsby’s parties with Daisy, and immediately becomes suspicious of Gatsby’s wealth and his wife’s relationship with him, and asks a friend to investigate him. In Chapter 7, Gatsby comes over for lunch at the Buchanans’ house, along with Nick and Jordan. The group ends up going to Manhattan at Daisy’s suggestion. Tom notices the way Daisy looks at Gatsby and realizes they are having an affair. But during the climactic confrontation in a Manhattan hotel, when Gatsby tries to get Daisy to admit she never loved Tom, Daisy can’t. Tom reveals that Gatsby is a bootlegger and promises to treat Daisy better. After this confrontation, Tom lets Gatsby and Daisy drivebackto West Egg alonetogether. This is a show of power: Tom is saying he has nothing to fear from Gatsby and knows that Daisy will never leave him. On that drive back, Daisy fatally hits Myrtle. Tom stops at the scene afterward, finds out Gatsby’s yellow car hit Myrtle, assumes it was Gatsby, and sobs on the drive back to East Egg. In Chapter 8, in the aftermath of Myrtle's murder, Tomand Daisy remain together and quickly leave New York, George Wilson shoots Gatsby and then himself, leaving Nick to grapple with Gatsby’s death alone. In Chapter 9, Tom runs into Nick outside of a jewelry store and confesses to Nick that he insinuated to George that Gatsby was both his wife’s killer and her lover, sparking the murder. Tom's preferred ratio of men to women. Tom Buchanan Quotes â€Å"[Tom], among various physical accomplishments, had been one of the most powerful ends that ever played football at New Haven- a national figure in a way, one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterward savors of anti-climax.† (1.16) Tom is established early on as restless and bored, with the threat of physical aggression lurking behind that restlessness. With his glory days on the Yale football team well behind him, he seems to constantly be searching for – and failing to find – the excitement of a college football game. Perhaps Tom, like Gatsby, is also trying, and failing, to repeat the past in his own way. "Well, it's a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. The idea is if we don't look out the white race will be- will be utterly submerged. It's all scientific stuff; it's been proved." (1.78) In Chapter 1, we learn Tom has been reading â€Å"profound† books lately, including racist ones that claim the white race is superior to all others and has to maintain control over society. This speaks to Tom’s insecurity – even as someone born into incredible money and privilege, there’s a fear it could be taken away by social climbers. That insecurity only translates into even more overt shows of his power - flaunting his relationship with Myrtle, revealing Gatsby as a bootlegger, and manipulating George tokill Gatsby – thus completely freeing the Buchanansfrom any consequences from the murders. "Don't believe everything you hear, Nick," he advised me. (1.143) Early in the book, Tom advises Nick not to believe rumors and gossip, but specifically what Daisy has been telling him about their marriage. Nick certainly is wary of most people he meets, and, indeed, he sees through Daisy in Chapter 1 when he observes she has no intentions of leaving Tom despite her complaints: â€Å"Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich- nevertheless, I was confused and a little disgusted as I drove away. It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to do was to rush out of the house, child in arms- but apparently there were no such intentions in her head† (1.150). But as the book goes on, Nick drops some of his earlier skepticism as he comes to learn more about Gatsby and his life story, coming to admire him despite his status as a bootlegger and criminal. This leaves us with an image of Tom as cynical and suspicious in comparison to the optimistic Gatsby – but perhaps also more clear-eyed than Nick is by the end of the novel. "And what's more, I love Daisy too. Once in a while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time." (7.251-252) After seeing Tom’s liaisons with Myrtle and his generally boorish behavior, this claim to loving Daisy comes off as fake at best and manipulative at worst (especially since a spree is a euphemism for an affair!). We also see Tom grossly underreporting his bad behavior (we have seen one of his â€Å"sprees† and it involved violently breaking Myrtle’s nose after sleeping with her while Nick was in the next room) and either not realizing or ignoring how damaging his actions can be to others. He is explicit about his misbehavior and doesn’t seem sorry at all – he feels like his â€Å"sprees† don’t matter as long as he comes back to Daisy after they’re over. In short, this quote captures how the reader comes to understand Tom late in the novel – as a selfish rich man who breaks things and leaves others to clean up his mess. "I found out what your 'drug-stores' were." He turned to us and spoke rapidly. "He and this Wolfsheim bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter. That's one of his little stunts. I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I saw him, and I wasn't far wrong." (7.284) Again, Tom’s jealousy and anxiety about class are revealed. Though e immediately pegs Gatsby for a bootlegger rather than someone who inherited his money, Tomstill makes a point of doing an investigation to figure out exactly where the money came from. This shows that he does feel a bit threatened by Gatsby, and wants to be sure he thoroughly knocks him down. But at the same time, he’s the only one in the room who sees Gatsby for who he actually is. This is also a moment where you, as a reader, can really see how clouded Nick’s judgment of Gatsby has become. "You two start on home, Daisy," said Tom. "In Mr. Gatsby's car." She looked at Tom, alarmed now, but he insisted with magnanimous scorn. "Go on. He won't annoy you. I think he realizes that his presumptuous little flirtation is over." (7.296-298) A common question students have after reading Gatsby for the first time is this: why does Tom let Daisy and Gatsby ride back together? If he’s so protective and jealous of Daisy, wouldn’t he insist she come with him? The answer is that he is demonstrating his power over both Daisy and Gatsby – he’s no longer scared that Daisy will leave him for Gatsby, and he’s basically rubbing that in Gatsby’s face. He’s saying that he doesn’t even fear leaving them alone together, because he knows that nothing Gatsby says or does would convince Daisy to leave him. It’s a subtle but crucial show of power – and of course ends up being a fatal choice. â€Å"What if I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him. He threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy's but he was a tough one. He ran over Myrtle like you'd run over a dog and never even stopped his car." (9.143) One of Tom’s last lines in the novel, he coldly tells Nick that Gatsby was fooling both him and Daisy. Of course, since we know that Gatsby didn't actually run over Daisy, we can read this line in one of threeways: MaybeDaisy never actually admitted to Tom that she was the one driving the car that night, so he still has no idea that his wife killed his mistress. Or maybe the way Tom has made peace with what happened is by convincing himself that even if Daisy was technically driving, Gatsby is to blame for Myrtle's death anyway. Or maybe Tom is still scared of speaking the truth about Daisy's involvement to anyone, including Nick, on the off chance that the police will reopen the case with new evidence. Depending on your interpretation, you can use this line as evidence if you’re arguing for a darker, more selfish version of Gatsby’s character. What level of bad guy is Tom, exactly? Depends on how you read his last confession to Nick. Common Essay Topics/ Areas of Discussion Since Tom himself isn’t a hero (or, on the flip side, a straightforward antagonist) of the novel, most essays about Tom involve comparing him to other characters – often Gatsby but sometimes George. Sometimes you have to do this from a higher level, and sometimes you have to do more in-depth character analysis. To see adetailedguide to a compare/contrast essay between these characters, read our article on the most commonly assigned compare/contrast character pairs. Either way, make sure to read Chapters 1, 2, 6, and 7 for Tom’s most important moments, and don’t neglect your analysis of the other characters. Read on for the most common discussion topics about Tom! Discuss Tom and Daisy (Old Money)vs. Gatsby (New Money) In this prompt, you would first find examples in the text that clearly illustrate Tom and Daisy as old money and Gatsby as new money. Yes, the Buchanans and Gatsby both live in mansions, they all have vast amounts of money at their disposal, and they all variously engage in bad behavior (affairs, drinking, crime), but their differences end up looming much larger than these similarities. Taste and Appearance. One place to start is to examine their dress, homes, and parties. Tom and Daisy dress luxuriously but without indulging in the very latest fashions or wild styles (note Tom’s riding clothes and Daisy’s white dress), while Gatsby wears a pink suit during the crucial scene in the Plaza Hotel in Chapter 7. And while Tom and Daisy have a mansion, it’s described as fashionable and white, with muted wine-colored carpet and white curtains, while Gatsby’s is a copy of a palace in France, and seen as over-large and garish. Finally, while Tom and Daisy host quiet dinner parties, Gatsby is notorious for his packed, lavish, and raucous blow-out bashes. Perception by Others. Also in Chapter 6, it's notable that Tom is immediately suspicious of Gatsby and doesn’t see him as worthy of their crowd during the encounter with the Sloanes,while Daisy is horrified by Gatsby's vulgar parties. Not only do their class differences become apparent to the reader through their dress, homes, and parties, but also Tom and Daisy are very aware of these differences in status, while Gatsby consistently misreads social clues. Displays of Power. Finally, the pecking order becomes painfully clear during the encounter in the hotel. Gatsby puts everything on the line and asks Daisy to confess that she never loved Tom. But not only can she not do that, she ends up admitting she did in fact once love Tom very much, so that Tom leaves the encounter secure in his marriage. Once you’ve fleshed out examples of how Tom and Daisy exemplify old money while Gatsby exemplifies new money, you could make a larger argument about one of the book’s major themes: the rigidity of society and class in 1920s Americaor the hollowness of the American Dream. Discuss Tom and Daisy as Reckless and CarelessPeople This prompt relies on this famous quote: They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . . .(9.146) Physical Recklessness.There are many examples of Tom and Daisy acting reckless, and of the fact thatthey are protected from the consequences of their actions by their money. Of course, while you can go for the biggest event, Daisy hitting Myrtle in Gatsby’s car, you should also find some smaller examples can help build your argument: Tom's mid-honeymoon car accident, when he "ran into a wagon on the Ventura road one night and ripped a front wheel off his car. The girl who was with him got into the papers too because her arm was broken"(4.143). the moment Tom breaks Myrtle’s nose in Chapter 2 In all threecases, there areapparently zero consequences for this behavior. After the honeymoon, Tom's marriage stays intact, and hegets to gooff to France. His affair with Myrtle continues even after the violence. And after Daisy kills Myrtle, the couple just skips town and doesn't even show up in the official police record of the accident. Emotional Recklessness.The pair are just as cavalier with each other's emotions as they are with everyone else's. Tom starts cheating on Daisy early on in their marriage (on their honeymoon!), assumingthat because she is soweak and passive, Daisy won't leave him.Meanwhile, Daisy enters into the affair with Gatsby, dismissing Tom and her marriage in a blasà © way. With these examples (along with other examples you can find!) fleshed out, you can start thinking about an overall argument or point to make. Here are just a few ideas: Tom and Daisy’s money protects them from consequences in a way the working class cannot be protected. Moral decay in America comes from the top down (with the hardworking George Wilson, who’s at the bottom of the social heap, the most hurt). Tom and Daisy’s behavior illustrates the emptiness of the American Dream. Tom and Daisy: never afraid to break eggs to make their selfishness omelet. FAQ Here are answers to some common student questions about Tom and his place inThe Great Gatsby. What’s up with Tom’s affair with Myrtle? Does he love her more than Daisy? Tom may enjoy spending time with Myrtle, but he would never divorce Daisy to marry her – she’s just the latest in a series of mistresses he has had since the beginning of his marriage. Tom and Daisy come from the same social class, and they both need each other to remain part of that group. In contrast, Myrtle is from a less-wealthy background, and would never truly fit into Tom Buchanan’s circles. So while Tom is pretty brazen about showing Myrtle off in restaurants and not hiding his affair with any real effort, for him the relationship is more about power – power over Myrtle, over George, and over Daisy – than about love. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. So does Daisy love Tom? Does Tom love Daisy? A lot of students wonder about Daisy and Tom’s marriage. Since we learn that Daisy was still in love with Gatsby right before going through with her marriage to Tom, and we see Tom engaging in affairs, it makes sense that we would wonder whether Tom and Daisy like each other at all. Well, first of all, it seems clear that, at least in the early days of their marriage, they were in love: "I never loved [Tom]," [Daisy] said, with perceptible reluctance. "Not at Kapiolani?" demanded Tom suddenly..."Not that day I carried you down from the Punch Bowl to keep your shoes dry?" There was a husky tenderness in his tone. ". . . Daisy?" "Please don't." Her voice was cold, but the rancour was gone from it. She looked at Gatsby. "There, Jay," she said- but her hand as she tried to light a cigarette was trembling. Suddenly she threw the cigarette and the burning match on the carpet. "Oh, you want too much!" she cried to Gatsby. "I love you now- isn't that enough? I can't help what's past." She began to sob helplessly. "I did love him once- but I loved you too." (7.258-264) Tom brings up happy memories from early in the marriage, and for once, his voice has a â€Å"husky tenderness,† which causes Daisy’s voice to lose the cold tone it had when she said she never loved him. She then breaks down and admits that she loved Tom. However, the fact that Tom is clinging to old memories, and Daisy uses the past tense – â€Å"I loved him once† – suggests that Tom and Daisy aren’t exactly head-over-heels for each other anymore. But our last scene that shows Tom and Daisy together suggests that that doesn’t matter. Even if they’re not in love, their relationship is stable, and neither has any interest in leaving the other: Daisy and Tom were sitting opposite each other at the kitchen table with a plate of cold fried chicken between them and two bottles of ale. He was talking intently across the table at her and in his earnestness his hand had fallen upon and covered her own. Once in a while she looked up at him and nodded in agreement. They weren't happy, and neither of them had touched the chicken or the ale- and yet they weren't unhappy either. There was an unmistakable air of natural intimacy about the picture and anybody would have said that they were conspiring together. (7.409-410) What does Tom’s racism have to do with anything? As we discuss above, Nick makes a point of showing Tom to be a racist, a believer in the pure white face’s need to subjugate everyone else in the world. But why does this come up at all? Is it just another unflattering detail about Tom? Tom’s racism is a reflection of his slight insecurities and his need to continually reassert his money and status. Even with all of his money and privilege, hestill has a slight fear that his place isn’t assured. That fear comes out in small moments in the novel – when George says he’s taking Myrtle out west and when Daisy briefly threatens to leave him. This is why we see Tom constantly swaggering and asserting his status. What’s Next? If you’re writing about Tom, it can be helpful to take a close look at the beginning of the novel, specifically, Chapter 1and Chapter 2. In these chapters, you both see Tom both in his high-class, old money home, and engaging in a â€Å"spree† with Myrtle. Make sure to close read and annotate both chapters! Tom is a major player in not just one but two of the novel’s major relationships. Read more about love, sex, and desire in The Great Gatsbyin our detailed article. Check out our analyses of all the other characters in the novel and learn how to compare and contrast Tom to other characters. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Streetcar Named Desire as a Play and as a Film Essay

Streetcar Named Desire as a Play and as a Film - Essay Example Society was still immersed in a political climate not conducive to equal rights without regard to race or gender let alone sexual orientation. In the original version of the piece, seen as a play, the audience finds out that Blanche’s husband killed himself shortly after she found him in bed with another man. The version which the audience is given in the film is much more suggestive with an expectation for its audience to read between the lines rather than a forward approach to the information which is given in the play. With regard to the issue of Blanche’s rape by Stanley, the play is sure to embrace this incident as it is crucial to the ‘take-home message’ intended originally by Williams. The movie seems to understand this ironically moral inclusion but not without a tradeoff which came in the form of the punishment of Stanley for his actions which is really not part of the ambiance of the play. The issue of Blanche’s rape and her husband’s homosexuality and suicide are the heavier topics demanding a presentation appropriate for their display during that time period, but are not the only morals to the story, so to speak. There are other themes which exist both in the play and in the movie version of Williams’ work. In looking at the movie first, the beginning is the first of many small deviations. The movie’s audience finds Blanche who seemingly emerges from the steam of the train, in an almost ethereal or heavenly manner. This is a contrast because though Blanche is introduced to the audience in this light, she is taken from a place of presumed innocence through the film, only to be displayed as anything but that. The play does not make the same attempt at disillusioning the audience that the film makes at the piece’s beginning, but beyond this point, the play and the movie are overall quite similar with little variations.

Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Science - Essay Example The pollution of the environment is caused by residential, commercial, and industrial wastes. These include Carbon dioxide (COÂ ­2)), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen, and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) (ENERGY.GOV, 2014). The release of such compounds into the environment leads to environmental degradation. Therefore, it is prudent for human beings to take necessary steps in preventing any further damage to the environment and mitigate on the damages that have already occurred. This responsibility is a concern of the international community, respective governments, and every individual. The individuals can work hard to care for the environment by participating in environmental conservation measures. It is important for individuals to take care of the environment because it is where they live. Polluted air means that there would be an increase in respiratory diseases. Furthermore, polluted soil, full of chemicals and fertilizers, will result into crops with high levels of toxic su bstances and pollute the water bodies when these fertilizers are washed into streams and rivers. This paper explores three goals and action plans, which an individual can use to become more aware of environmental issues and human impact on the environment. The production of electricity often involves a lot of emission of gasses, which cause considerable damage to the environment. Therefore, an individual should bear this in mind when operating electrical appliances. This can involve a slight change in their habits or using more energy efficient appliances. For example, change of habits include: Using cold water to wash laundry and hanging them out to dry instead of using the dryer. This habit will ensure that when doing laundry, less electric energy is consumed, and the one utilizes the abundant natural energy of the sun to dry the clothes Installing energy efficient bulbs, which save more energy and are longer lasting as compared to incandescent light

Development from Birth - 19 Years Essay Example for Free

Development from Birth 19 Years Essay The aspects of development are defined as Physical, Social Emotional, Language and Intellectual. There are different stages of development for each category, 0-3 years, 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-19 years. All children will follow the same pattern of development but at different rates and will reach their milestones at different times. Physical During the 0-3 year period a child’s physical development will see them start to move and react to memorable sounds and voices. They recognise people, reach for brightly coloured or noisy items. Their ability to move begins with rolling over, moves to crawling, shuffling and finally the ability to walk. Fine motor skills will also increase, from being able to hold and shake interesting objects to using crayons to scribble and make marks. They will use body language to communicate, such as shaking the head to indicate ‘NO’. As they move into years 3-7 their skills become more refined, they will be able to walk up and down stairs, catch a ball, use paints. Then they will learn to pedal a bike start to draw basic pictures of people or houses. Movement continues to improve and they become confident at climbing and jumping and their fine motor skills allow them to write more clearly, sew and manage shoe laces. By ages 7-12 years children are generally able to hit a ball and participate in team sports although their ability may not meet their own expectations at first. During adolescence physical development becomes more about appearance and the process of puberty. Whilst girls begin this process earlier than boys all children will develop as individuals. This can be a very difficult time for teenagers, with insecurities about they way they look and how they compare to their peers. Some will suffer anxiety at some point and worry about being a late or early developer. Social and Emotional Social and emotional development begins by showing affection and becoming attached to parents or carers and becoming what we usually call ‘clingy’. Young children may become distressed when a parent leaves the room or is not in sight. Slightly older children may demand attention and use tantrums to get their own way. They will generally be easily distracted from unwanted behaviour. By age 2-3 years children enjoy playing with older people who provide them with attention and begin to enjoy time with children their own age. Over the next few years the child becomes more independent and coopertative and likes to help. They develop social skills and play with others is more comfortable as they begin to consider the feelings of others and make friends, although resolving disputes can still be an issue. Rules and routine are required to help the child feel secure and safe. In later years the child becomes less dependant on their parents and moves closer to their peers. They develop a sense of right and wrong by may still adult intervention to settle arguments. They become aware of their gender and normally prefer the company of their own sex. Their behaviour differs with their emotions depending upon circumstance. In the final stages of development puberty creates feelings of self-consciousness and insecurity about body image. Behaviour is very unsettled as they sway between the feelings of being a child and wanting to be an adult. Friendships become stronger and adolescents depend less on the parents. They are much more aware of the opposite sex and need to fit in social with their peer group. People of this age begin to think about their social environment and may start to form strong opinions about community, politics and religion. Language In the early stages of development language is more about making sounds to show feelings. Babies watch others to learn facial movements to help them to begin making their own sounds and will turn towards sound they hear. From making sounds, words develop and gradually increase in number. They begin to understand key words spoken to them and will repeat back what they hear building from single words, to phrases and then sentences. Children’s ability to understand develops faster than the ability to speak and this can cause frustration with not being able to express themselves. During the 3-7 year period children begin to question things more intently, use more accurate grammar and their vocabulary increases dramatically. Reading skills start to develop, first recognising a few frequently seen words and understanding stories and books. During the Key Stage 1 years learning and recognising letters and the sounds they make develops into reading and later into writing. The next stages of language development involves the vocabulary increasing further and learning to spell more difficult words. Adult interaction is important to help children learn fluency and progress towards telling more complicated stories and the correct use of grammar and tenses. During adolescence language becomes more mature and logical thinking begins to develop. They can be sarcastic and begin to experiment with humour or may wish to publicly demonstrate their new found skills. Intellectual Early intellectual development involves copying others through play and testing different styles of behaviour. Young children also begin to recognise that all people are separate from themselves. Next comes the ability to understand instructions and recognise things that are similar, for example, shapes and colours. Between 5-7 years children start to become aware of their environment and understand what is means when things are different or the same. Next a child will develop their own interests and reading becomes a skill used for entertainment. Finally the mind matures and young people learn responsibility for their own thoughts and actions. They begin to think about their future lives and things they might like to do like, jobs, marriage and children. The ability to make connections between pieces of information and the world around them also matures. The speed of development at this stage very much depends upon the amount of guidance received. The more guidance a person gets the quicker they are able to reflect upon how things relate to in practice to their lives. An individuals personal identity is formed from the things they learn at this stage which should be more moral and cultural. Adolescents begin to take more responsibility away from their parents with regard to managing their finances, employment and their personal relationships and becomes complete during adulthood.

The Peloponnesian War :: essays research papers fc

The Peloponnesian War Is war inevitable? It appears that the answer to this question is yes. However, war is unpredictable and must be studied based on individual circumstances, actions taken, and reactions. States disagree with each other on many subjects and conflicts arise often. To answer this question, we must first examine the causes of a conflict, evaluate the outcome and determine any alternatives that may exist. Then we can analyze some alternative theoretical outcomes compared to the actual conclusions. The Peloponnesian War provides an excellent example to be evaluated. The following gives a brief history of the war, causes of the war, and the importance of its study. In the case of the Peloponnesian War, we have two equal but different powers in control of Greece and the surrounding area. Athens and Sparta as allies gained independence from the Persians in 480 BC. Athens with a democratic rule expanded by using the surrounding waterways for trade and developing a great navy. Sparta with an oligarchic rule settled in by developing a thriving agriculture community and a land based army. Civil war occurs in Epidamnus with two sides, democratic and oligarchic. The democrats requested assistance from Athens. If Athens chooses to get involved, she breaks the truce with Sparta. If she does not, the balance of power leans towards Sparta and her allies. Sparta already feared Athens’ growing power. Therefore, Sparta needed to check Athens’ control of the region. The need to keep a balance of power is the main reason of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides attains that Sparta’s fear of Athenian rule provided an unavoidable path to war. Athens controlled about half of the city-states; dominated much of the trade; and maintained a strong navy. Sparta kept a strong army and retained equal allies but was primarily an agriculture state. Athens’ ability to maneuver on the sea provided opportunities to expand her power, and this alarmed Sparta. Since Sparta is concerned by Athens’ growing power, Sparta waits for a way to be able to stop the expansion. When an opportunity comes for war against Athens, Sparta is not very reluctant and could even be considered eager to enter an altercation. Pericles leadership appeared sound but may have over reached the power of Athens. Pericles convinced the Athenians that allowing allied states to become free was a sign of weakness. In addition, he convinced them that Sparta was no match and could not win a long-term war against the great Athenian navy.

Persuasive Essay on Positive Thinking Essay

Positive thinking is a skill that I believe everyone should master and use as a everyday way of life.First you need to know the law of attraction. From there you can start a new life style that can only really benefit you. The law of attraction is how positive energy attracts positive energy and negative energy attracts negative energy. There is a man named Morris Goodman I learned about in the book The Secret, by Rhonda Byrne. His story is amazing. Morris Goodman was in a plane crash march of 1981. Morris surrvived the plane crash but was left paralyzed, his spinal cord was crushed, and his diaphram was destroyed which left him unable to breath on his own. He lost the ability to do anything but blink and think*. No one thought he would be much of anything ever again because of the severity of his injuries. Morris did not believe this. He set a goal of walking out of that hospital by Christmas. All Morris did was focus on breathing, and walking, and being positive, not allowing anyone or anything distract him from his goal. He did, Morris achieved his goal. Doctors were at a loss for explanation, but Morris Goodman walked out of that hospital before Christmas. Morris Goodman is The Maracle Man. He proved that whatever you put your mind to you can do. The power of positive thinking can benefit everyone in countless ways; increase self esteem, increase confidence, and a more relaxed state of mind. Just to name a few. Â  You see the consequences of negative thinking everyday. You see it in war and violence, even on the local level. Depression and poverty are often consequences of negative thinking as well. Â  Could you imagine what the world would be like if the whole world believed they could achieve anything they dream of? Could you imagine what your life would be like if you truely believed you could achieve anything you want? If you are always thinking positive there is no room for the negative. Increase of self esteem, confidence, a more relaxed state of mind will all manifest from just that . This is a skill that I believe everyone can benefit from. * Some of this info taken from themaracleman.org run by Morris Goodman.

Deoderent Market in India Essay

Abstract Topic:- Monopoly or monopolistic competition in Deodorant brands? After seeing so many outrageous deodorant advertisements on television we were wondering whether it affects the consumer behavior and we also wanted to find out whether Axe has a monopoly over this market or not. The aim of this assignment is to compare the parent companies of five deodorant brands with the help of ratio analysis. We are going to consider the time period 2007-12. Primary data was collected through a survey which will help us determine what thinking goes behind purchasing a deo between college students and the office going crowd. To conduct the ratio analysis we used secondary data by obtaining the balance sheets of the various companies. The market share and revenues of five major brands- Axe, Adidas, Nivea, Wildstone and Park Avenue will be analyzed. Introduction Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another as goods but not perfect substitutes (such as from branding, quality, or location). In monopolistic competition, a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impact of its own prices on the prices of other firms.[1] In a monopolistically competitive market, firms can behave like monopolies in the short run, including by using market power to generate profit. In the long run, however, other firms enter the market and the benefits of differentiation decrease with competition. There are six characteristics of monopolistic competition (MC): * Product differentiation * Many firms * Free entry and exit in the long run * Independent decision making * Market Power * Buyers and Sellers do not have perfect information (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolistic_competition) Economic Background The deodorant market in India is estimated at Rs 900 crore. Men’s deodorants dominate the category with a 70 per cent share estimated at Rs 650 crore. The segment is expected to grow 25 per cent annually to become three times its current size in the next five years. The overall deodorant market has grown by about 40 per cent a year in the past five years driven by introduction of new brands and aggressive media promotions. The market will continue to grow at 20-25 per cent thanks to low penetration and availability at low price points. Deodorant sales are seasonal — maximum sales happen in the summer months (April to September). About 90 per cent of the market is concentrated in the mass segment (with deodorants priced between Rs 125 and Rs 175 for a 150 ml pack). With new players entering the category at popular price points, the mass segment, with brands like Axe, Adidas, Nike and Reebok, will continue to grow faster and command higher share in the deodorant market. The size of the premium and above segments, which have brands like Burberry, The Body Shop, Kenzo and Ralph Lauren, will double by value in the next five years. (http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/kit-the-men%5Cs-deodorant-market-in-india/443714) Method We will be using the financial tools of various ratios to determine which company has been more successful in this market. Survey The survey was conducted on 200 males in the college and office going crowd the results were as follows. 1. Which Deodorant do you use? Analysis As we can see from the above graph that Axe has a majority amongst the people surveyed while the others are below 10%. This gives us a picture of the domination of Axe in this market and same is the case when market share all over India is observed. 2. Reason for buying the particular brand. From the above graph we find that the decision of people in the age group of 15-25 behind buying a particular deodorant is not its fragrance but its price followed by easy availability and advertising. This shows us that main factor which affects a consumer’s decision, in this age group is the price of the product followed by other factors regarding quality, availability etc. This was the result obtained from the office crowd which gave an entirely different reason. The consumers decision in this age group is affected by the brand as people become brand conscious and are more bothered about which brand they use rather than its use. After the brand value the price affects their decisions. Hence from both these results we see that consumer behaviour varies on the different age groups and changes as a consumer grows older. Findings: Name: Mahikaansh Reddy Brand: AXE (Hindustan Unilever) AXE was launched in France in 1983 by Unilever. It was inspired by another of Unilever’s brands, Impulse. Unilever were keen to capitalize on AXE’s French success and the rest of Europe from 1985 onwards, later introducing the other products in the range. Unilever were unable to use the name AXE in the United Kingdom and Ireland due to trademark problems so it was launched as Lynx. The European launch of the deodorant was followed by success in Latin America and moderate impact in Asia and Africa. In the new millennium, the brand has launched with great success in the United States and Canada. The company has also consolidated its deodorant portfolio by migrating other overlapping male deodorants into the Lynx brand such as South Africa’s Ego brand. In January 2012, Unilever launched its first Lynx product for women in the United Kingdom as part of a global expansion of the previously men’s-only brand. The AXE deodorant was popular in India in the Grey market (duty paid shops). Impressed by the volume of AXE sold there, AXE deodorant was launched in India in 1999. The brand launch was very quiet and had the strategy of ‘High Price, Low Promotion’. At that time, the deodorant market was a nascent one with an estimated market size of Rs 72 crore. HLL, at that time, had the brands Denim and Rexona and was ruling the market. AXE was priced at a premium. In just three years flat, AXE had a market share of over 35% and HLL started phasing out Denim to concentrate more on AXE. It is known for its very controversial advertisements which actually helped in its publicity and led to a faster growth in the industry. Its target group was mainly men between the age group of 18-24 as they were seen as the easiest to convince with such advertisements. Not only does the brand use TV commercials to its advantage, but it also uses its print ads effectively. Besides print, the brand also uses outdoors for maximum impact. Hence, Axe is a classic example of the 360 degree branding effort. Therefore Axe is a perfect example of how important advertising is for a brand and how it can lead to higher revenues. Marketing Mix 1. Product: 2. Place: Available at all malls across India. Every deodorant selling shop will 99% be selling Axe. All other variants of Axe brand could be purchased from established retailers viz. BIG BAZAAR (PANTALOONS RETAIL INDIA LIMITED). 1. Promotion: Concentrates on single- segment male youth and targets young at heart. The competitive advantage of this brand is its complete monopoly over this proposition. The â€Å"Axe Effect† is one of the most famous claim in the world. This so called effect is supposed to draw women in hordes to any male who has sprayed himself liberally with the Axe deodorant. The advertisements are very slick and usually display a normal male but with oodles of self-assurance as an Axe user. The females get irresistibly drawn to this male implying that Axe acts like a nasal aphrodisiac. 2. The Axe brand of deodorants is from Unilever and is primarily targeted at 15 to 25 year old males. The brand portrays normal yet cool, trendy and confident, a positioning that is aspirational to the target segment. At a more subtle level, the Axe Effect also acts on the confidence levels of the user. The very act of being associated with the brand serves to boost the ego. The success of AXE attracted lots of new brands which were trying to follow the same marketing strategy as AXE. The one notable difference though is that all these newbies use hunks as opposed to the regular guys which are a stable for the Axe advertisements. This strategy has proven very effective for the brand. It comes across as approachable and it acts like a confidante and friend to its users. They are currently distributed in more than 40 countries. Unilever started out allotting roughly 60 percent of its advertising budget to television, but it has since winnowed that down to about 30 percent, pouring more money into offbeat alternatives. Competitive analysis: Axe faces competition from new entrants such as Wildstone, Adidas, Park Avenue etc. However among all these brands AXE has a dominating share in the market because of the brand equity and brand loyalty that it has built and is leveraging the same. AXE has a wide acceptance among the youth which forms the major chunk of perfume & deodorant users. Vis-à  -vis all these the AXE deodorant never forgets to promote any of its new product. AXE time and again, on launch of the new product goes for PR as well as wide advertising campaigns. 3. Target group- 18 to 24 What next? As such, I believe that AXE has the potential to spread its reach and increase its market share by expanding into the 35-50 year old demographic. In doing so, AXE will need to associate and disassociate itself with a more mature brand image and its inexpensive nature respectively, thereby attracting the average male aged 35-50 years. Hence it needs to re-focus the marketing mix towards 35-50 year old demographic, whilst retaining its keystone market, the 16-25 year olds. Conclusion Axe has a very large share in this market and has hardly got a foot wrong. It just needs to follow its tried and tested market strategies and build upon it, by doing that it can thwart the competition and maintain its kind of monopoly in the market. The only thing that could be suggested is to increase its target group so that it could expand more in the market and serve a larger base leading to higher revenues. Hence Axe just needs to follow what it was doing from before and be wary of the new competition in this segment with the help of excessive advertising and PR.

buy custom Heart and Blood Vessels essay

buy custom Heart and Blood Vessels essay 1. Complete the following scheme of blood circulation in human heart. Right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle through the Pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk, to the semi lunar for oxygenation, to the pulmonary veins back into the left atrium of the heart, through the mitral valve into the left ventricle, through the left semi lunar valve into the arteries, that supplies systemic blood to the body and then deoxygenated blood goes back into the right atria via tricuspid valve, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava pulmonary artery. 2. The beating of human heart (cardiac cycle) directly reflects the electrical conduction system within the heart (ECG). Describe what happens in the cardiac cycle in the following situations: a. Immediately before P wave: Senatorial node fires causing the contraction of atria. Before this hearts resting period no electrical activity is performed and muscles relax to fill the atria with blood. b. During P wave: At the sinoatrial node the contraction of heart muscle starts. It last for 0.08 seconds. P wave slows down the process of depolarization at the end. c. Immediately after P wave: The P-R segment occurs immediately the P wave occurs. This P-R segment is time travel to reach the ventricles from SA. After this the QR complex occurs. d. During QRS wave: the depolarization wave movements is depicted through the QRS complex. It makes large upward spikes. The QRS complex shows the conduction depolarization waves synchronously. e. During the T wave: It is the last readable wave in a cycle on ECG. Hearts re-polarization is represented here. It means that ventricles have sent the blood to the body and heart goes to reset itself for the next cycle (Elaine 696). 3. Suppose a person has a heart rate of 70bpm and has a stroke volume (SV) of 70ml. A negative inotropic agent (any substance that reduces contractility of heart) reduces the SV to 50 ml. What would the new heart rate have to be to maintain the same cardiac output? Heart rate: 70bpm Stroke Volume SV: 70 ml Cardiac output = HR x SV = 70x70 =4900 ml/min SV after reduction = 50 ml Cardiac Output: heart rate x Stroke Volume = 70 x 50, 3500 ml/min or 3.5 L/min New Heart rate = Cardiac output/ Stroke Volume = 4900/50 = 98bpm 4. A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night. On physical assessment, the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen. Which of these symptoms reflect left-sided heart failure and which reflect right-sided heart failure? Answer: The left sided heart failure occurs due to reduction in cardiac output of arterial blood. Other symptoms of left ventricular failure include as the hypoxia, crackles, cyanosis, fatigue, dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal, elevated pulmonary and capillary wedge pressure. Right side heart failure occurs due to weight gain. Dependent pitting edema is also observed in patients feet and ankles. This edema is disappeared overnight but spreads in other tissues. Other symptoms of right side heart failure include the weakness, jugular vein distension, vomiting, and nausea, elevated and central venous pressure (Barbara and Nancy 426). Use the following hint to solve the problem: -Think about the normal flow of blood within the heart - Now think, what will happen if the left side of the heart is not pumping properly. Where will the blood pool up. Now try to think about the symptoms the patients may experience due to pooled up blood. -Repeat all these steps for the right side of heart as well. 5. Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her interventricular septum (ventricular septal defect or VSD). Considering that the blood pressure in the left ventricle is significantly higher than the blood pressure in the right ventricle, predict the effect of VSD on Beckys 10 points a. pulmonary BP: The VSD creates the greater pressure on two ventricles, it is higher in left ventricles than right ventricles. The VSD allows the oxygenated blood to flow from the left ventricle to right ventricle. In right ventricle the pressure is low and mixed blood the flows to circulate into lungs. It is not apparent in infant at the time of birth because left ventricular and right ventricular pressures are equal. As the child grows the right ventricular pressure decreases and blood shunts from left ventricular to right ventricular. Becky will suffer from the occurrence of cyanosis and biventricular heart failure. Chest wall will become prominent and resulting into increased risk of pneumonia for Becky. b. systemic blood pressure. Systemic blood pressure is disturbed due to effects of VSD in an infant like Becky. VSD is not closed in Becky so blood flows under higher pressure into arteries and arteries become thicker. Right ventricular works extra to control the high blood volume and lungs receive the extra blood pressure. Lungs are permanently damaged due to this blood pressure. Explain why? 6. Based upon the topic of blood pressure and the factors controlling blood pressure, for each of the given situations, describe the anticipated effect on blood pressure and the physiological basis (reasoning) of your response; a. A high salt diet: kidneys are the organs to control the level of salts in our body. When intake level of salt is high then kidneys cannot control the level of salt and it ends up into blood stream. Salt requires more water into blood which results into increase volume of water. This increases the volume of blood and blood pressure is also raised. It is also noted that hypertrophy is linked with excessive amount of NaCl. b. A blow on head that damages (disables) the vasomotor center: The process of vasoconstriction is controlled by the vasomotor center in brain. This process of vasoconstriction regulates the blood pressure. When this vasomotor centre is disabled them improper vasoconstriction may cause the increase in blood pressure and hypertension. c. Hypothalamic tumor resulting in excess ADH production: There are two causes behind it. Firstly, it makes the kidneys to retain more volume of water which increases the blood pressure. Secondly, it causes the blood vessels to squeeze down and causing the blood pressure to go up. Due to elevation of ADH, kidneys start to retain excessive volume of water resulting into expansion of plasma volume. This expansion in plasma volume causes the blood pressure to increase 7. Edema (swelling due to increase in interstitial fluid) is a common clinical problem. On one of your first days of introductory clinical experience, you encounter three patients who all have severe edema for different reasons. Your challenge is to explain the cause of edema. Note: In each case, try to explain the edema in terms of either an increase or decrease in one of the four pressures that cause bulk flow at capillaries (refer to slide # 76-80 of ppts.) a. First, you encounter Mrs. Taylor in medical ward awaiting a liver transplant. What is the connection between liver failure and her edema? HINT: think about role of liver in producing plasma proteins. Osmotic positional of plasma drops resulting into drop of plasma protein concentration. Capillaries absorb less fluid of interstitial. This condition of plasma protein reduction becomes the cause of edema. Liver failure also causes the decreased synthesis of plasma protein. The persons with liver failure have the impaired synthesis of albumin which causes decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure. Edema is also developed due to lack of amino acids required for the synthesis of plasma proteins (Carol 165). b. Next, you follow a resident to obstetric ward, where Mrs. So is experiencing premature labor. Which of the pressures that drive bulk flow might be altered here? HINT: What affect the expanding uterus might be having A pregnant woman may feel the labor pains prematurely before 37 week of pregnancy because cervix opens before the time due to uterine contraction. Baby born may face the health problems, but medicine, new technology and research the baby becomes healthy. These women have the cervical abnormalities. There are other factors which cause the alteration in blood volume in pregnancy. Cardiac output also affects the normal delivery. c. Finally, you are called to emergency, where Mr. Herera is in anaphylactic shock. Which of the pressures that drive bulk flow might be altered here? HINT: In anaphylactic shock, the capillaries become highly leaky. In anaphylactic shock the fluid buildup in the body tissues which results into an edema. This occurs due to high osmotic pressure in capillaries and low osmotic pressure in tissues. Blood has to reach the tissues but it diffuses back into capillaries. In anaphylactic shock blood from sides is prevented to enter the capillaries, tissues are swallowed and patient expires. The blood circulatory system has been discussed in this paper. A related numerical is also part of this paper. Buy custom Heart and Blood Vessels essay

Chowan University Admissions - SAT Scores, Costs...

Chowan University Admissions - SAT Scores, Costs... Chowan University Admissions Overview: Admissions at Chowan University are only somewhat competitivethose with grades and test scores above average have a good chance of being admitted. Students applying to Chowan need to submit scores from the SAT or ACT, along with high school transcripts and a completed application. There is no writing or personal statement requirement as part of the application. Students interested in Chowan University should check out the schools website, and are welcome to visit campus and/or contact the admissions office with any questions.   Admissions Data (2016): Chowan University Acceptance Rate: 57%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 360 / 445SAT Math: 360 / 450SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 14 / 17ACT English: 11 / 16ACT Math: 15 / 17What these ACT numbers mean Chowan University Description: Chowan University is a private Christian college in Murfreesboro, North Carolina, a town just an hour away from Virginia Beach. With a student/faculty ratio of 16:1 and a student body of just over 1,300, Chowan offers plenty of individualized attention on its 300-acre campus. The college hosts over 45 student clubs on campus and 13 NCAA Division II sports. The Chowan Hawks compete in the  Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA). Popular sports include football, soccer, softball, tennis, and cross country. Chowan also has plenty of intramural sports, including pick-up Frisbee and extreme dodge ball. For those with more interest in the fine arts, Chowan is home to the Wayland L. Jenkins Jr. Fine Arts Center, a gallery with almost 90 original works of art as well as a collection of early 19th-century furniture. There is plenty to do at Chowan, including watching performances by TheatreChowan, playing to win the Chowan Ping-Pong title, and surfing at one of the nearby beach es. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,534  (1,525 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 46% Male / 54% Female96% Full-time Costs (2016- 17): Tuition and Fees: $23,930Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,950Other Expenses: $1,664Total Cost: $35,554 Chowan University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 92%Average Amount of AidGrants: $17,193Loans: $10,696 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Health and Physical Education, Social Sciences, Psychology, Elementary Education, Religious Studies, History, Communications, Studio Art Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 48%4-Year Graduation Rate: 12%6-Year Graduation Rate: 23% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball, Baseball, Golf, SoccerWomens Sports:  Lacrosse, Softball, Soccer, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Volleyball, Basketball, Bowling Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Chowan University, You May Also Like These Schools: Shaw UniversityNorfolk State UniversityOld Dominion UniversityMars Hill UniversityVirginia Commonwealth UniversityBarton CollegeNorth Carolina Central UniversityWingate UniversityUniversity of North Carolina - GreensboroVirginia Union University

Irony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Irony - Essay Example The underlying irony is the attempt to highlight the harassment meted out to women of the Victorian era. Women couldn't live life on their own terms, due to social norms and mores. The situation itself is ironic, considering that the male in the poem liberates the women from leading a life of misery by sticking to these social limitations and boundaries. The irony adopts the form of a Dramatic Irony. Evidently, the ironic idea further the hidden theme of the exploitation of women in the Victorian era. Similarly, 'Ozymandias', by P.B.Shelley is another work that contains an underlying message. The poem talks about Ozymandias, who rises to power and falls in Egypt. The underlying irony is the very fact that in spite of all the power one attains, it becomes history at some point or the other and goes into oblivion. This applies to governments and all those who lust for power; for eventually, it's all gone! The irony here is more of a situational irony, considering the spiritual and more mature outlook that the poet tries to portrays as a part of the irony. The next poem we could consider is Ariel Dorfman's 'Hope', which is an irony on the pain and suffering that engulfs the world of mankind. His poem is a philosophical irony, and is a reflection and revelation into the miseries that this world. W.H.Auden's '

E-marketing Communications Plan for IBB Assignment

E-marketing Communications Plan for IBB - Assignment Example Hence, if we work through this new channel, it can make our work far faster and better than it used to be. Many Companies have moved away from big advertising expenditures that used to be a huge part of their marketing programs and have instead poured money into less expensive PR/Social Media programs. This digital media enabled the long-term partnership with consumers and also provided cost-effective solutions. Companies switching to new media are the latest trend and respond to the need of the market since most consumers prefer online channels these days. Indeed, online media are gaining popularity and consumers easily trust them. Today, content is created, consumed, commented on, collaborated over and circulated at an ever-accelerating pace through the social media, search engines, and digital content. Companies have to move quickly to identify, learn from and engage in conversations that are related to their brands. They need to communicate using channels preferred by an increasi ngly selective audience. So, it has been decided to launch a full flash digital marketing campaign using different mediums. I will closely work with digital marketing agencies to ensure media relations campaigns dovetail with blogger relations and other social media PR strategies, as well as wider marketing and communications initiatives. We work â€Å"with our clients to identify and track the most influential and relevant industry analysts and work out strategies for engaging with them. â€Å" (http://triercompany.com/services/analyst-relations/) For a new website launch, we will work for reputation management strategies, as well as communications services that meet our goals and objectives. We will take the time to understand our unique culture and challenges, which will help us come up with marketing strategies that will give us ultimate success. We will get the services of those agencies which specialize in helping clients build corporate visibility through high-profile media relations. We will also engage several crisis management experts, experienced in handling communications around a wide range of issues. During a campaign, the nationwide network of highly experienced social media mavens will target both consumers and influences. The services that we will explore include research, a brand category identification, message composition, ID maintenance, campaign development, execution and reporting. Methodology Since the world economy is influenced by globalization processes, the total business environment has dramatically changed of late. Competition is no more limited to a single market place, it has also expanded internationally. The technological advancement today creates competitive advantages in every industry and sector. Importantly, digital marketing is on boom and many businesses are shifting their budget to this new form of marketing. Before working on any report, it is vitally important to do a research. In particular, researchers have to ens ure they understand the topic right, and then they need to gather data and craft it in a fine report, which should be understandable in the context of its target market. In other words, researchers carry out a research and transform the facts that they have obtained in a sequence, so that readers can easily understand the idea and the situation described in the report.