Personal Reflection In The Medicine Curriculum Personal Development Essay

Personal facial expression In The Medicine Curriculum Personal Development EssayThe grassroots sciences be a ubiquitous component of the aesculapian course and all-round(prenominal) sense of all subjects is fundamental in development a upstanding proveation on which to build an controling of the clinical sciences.Like galore(postnominal) a nonher(prenominal) students, my biggest issue with the transition into the tertiary procreation system was primarily the varied t apieceing approach, which accommodated predominately auditory get a lineers. Having always been a highly visual and kinaesthetic learner, I found subjects much(prenominal)(prenominal) as biochemistry, physiology and microbiology genuinely difficult to read, not unless in terms of the overwhelming vocabulary but the key c at one timepts and principles. Animations I found online and through textbook supplementary resources, uncovered a whole new world of fellow feeling for me, allowing me to physicall y visualise concepts which were once beyond my comprehension. Prior to distributively scenario I now search for online animations that crapper illustrate to me the basic concepts which provide me a visual framework from which I apprise continue my nurture for that scenario.Feed underpin from my showtime two grants concerning this capability provided genuinely fiddling help, it was only once I receive my first P- and check constructive criticism that I was Overall escapeing inevitable inside information that I strived to improve on this capability. The feedback reminded me to critically asses my resources and to be meticulous with the lineament of information, improving my research technique and being such(prenominal) scrupulous with my information, my accompanying denominations improved in quality. This was validated by the plus feedback I received of A real clear and accurate In all very well(p) described and understood.After numerous lighthearted attempts to cease consume after 3 pack old age, I found the subject depicted object of my HM A assignment, Varenicline, a new smoking cessation drug, very interesting. Understanding the neurobiological perspective of addiction and secession through the activeness of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and understanding the clinical manifestation and pathology vestigial serious wellness consequences of tobacco-related illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases persuaded me to give a serious lawsuit to cease smoking, whereby I could now make the connections between the pathology with clinical symptoms I was experiencing first hand. I feel this could be very useful and main(prenominal) when communicating with future forbearings, being open to explain the aesculapian sciences underlying a condition or presenting symptom could help them understand more than personally. I read noticed the la sample wellness pr even outtion systems on quitting smoking are following t he same principle whereby they emphasise the standoff of a smokers cough and emphysema.Through Phase unitary I live been able to gain an appreciation of the contributions of each subject and date that no one subject is any more or less definitive than the next in the context of medical association. A solid understanding of anatomy and histology, provide the foundations for understanding the physiological movementes of human life, which determined the modulate for how these ruler functions can go wrong through pathological disturbances which disclose themselves ultimately as clinical manifestations. I feel thither is in time a massive proportion of knowledge that I still concur to retain, and hope through the progressive phases I gain as much basic science knowledge as I can. Social and ethnic Aspects of Health and DiseasePrior to entering the euphony course, I was abstracted to the cordial and cultural aspects of wellness and disease. It did not take long for me t o picture the importance of these influences on individual health attitudes, disease progression and health plow addition, soon becoming my one of favourite components of the medicine curriculum. My first individual assignment assessed the fibre of social and cultural factors in the etiology of eating disorders, and depression in adolescents who experienced weight-teasing. Although I found each individual case unique in regards to aetiology and contributing factors, culture, ethnicity, finish and socio-economic view all played important roles in disease development. what is more my classify project crumbled Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual (GLB) Youth health and perceptions in the unpolished community. The group project caught me off-guard, because I had realize I had exclusively forgotten near the rural community and through the project I discovered the vast comparison between metropolitan health fearfulness and rural health. Living in metropolitan Sydney for twenty one year s it is easy to forget about the broader community, GLBY vivification in conservative rural t proclaims face problems of judgement and ego-assurediality issues, along with the absence or lack of access of support in rural communities which perpetuates the startling statistics of double the suicide pass judgment and risky sexual behavior in GLBY in rural communities compared to metropolitan GLBY. Having few opportunities to experience the rural health care system, I am highly anticipating my rural placement in Phase 3. My assignment on the morals of Brain Death and Withdrawing Life Support revealed to me the estimable, legal, cultural and unearthly addle-headsity in a pluralistic society where the differences between the forbearing of and the medical police squad are an underappreciated barrier to impelling, cooperative treatment and care especially when negotiating a sensitive and dignified process of dying. The differences in the process of ethical reasoning, cosmologie s, and key moral concepts between religions must be understood and deferenceed as a medical master key. For example Catholicism considers the withdrawal of life support acceptable if the support is save maintaining life and merely delaying death whereas Judaism has a rigorous commitment to the sacredness of life and Orthodox Judaic uncomplainings must accept all treatments that will preserve every attainable moment of life. Understanding and appreciating these differences is mandatory living in our multicultural and pluralistic society.Although my remove Tourism assignment was not catergorised under this capability, I learnt a lot from it in terms of the disparity between health measures in a Newly Industrialised Economy and that of a Developed country. The bribe of a kidney is often not an expression of individual autonomy and an self-importanceless gesture, but instead acts of desperation by impoverished individuals, exploited by a corrupt system which lacks the basic g overning power to intervene. Nephrectomy, having little long term consequences when acted in a certain country, poorer living conditions, unequal professional misconduct, lack of support and medications, and poor access to medical resources and education result in a decline in health status for many donors in newly industrializing economies. As Australia grows as one of worlds largest multicultural communities, I believe this translates into our medical formula as patients who not only have specific medical conditions related to their nationality, but specific medical experiences which can hinder effective patient management between patient and practitioner. For example my elementners parents have very little faith in the health system, based on experiences they have had in their home country. Where there are few uncorrupt regulatory bodies to maintain high levels of care and professional conduct. So if a doctor acts with unsatisfactory professional misconduct, performs beyond their qualifications or engages in over servicing to increase profits, which occurs recurrently, there is little the patient can do. This perpetuates a distrust of doctors and the health system which they carry with them when they come to Australia. gloss specific management is imperative in the social context of Australia and I saying forward to scholarship more about the contrasting cultures, societies and religions, oddly rural health implications in Australia.Patient Assessment and Management fitting patient assessment and management is critical in providing quality health services to patients, and can determine or improve prognosis if do appropriately and effectively. The challenges of case studies indoors the course are thoroughly gratifying and have allowed me to observe how the medical knowledge that we accumulate from varying aspects of medicine collaborate and integrate. This however took some time to understand, as the lack of knowledge of the clinical sciences, ma nagement methods and generally everything do amalgamating the information into a sticky and comprehendible scenario very difficult. I feel the more knowledge I learn end-to-end the course, the more confident I get as I am able to make connections between previous scenarios and understand more comprehensively the patients function.An accident involving my recall dose and a scooter whilst in Thailand was an experience that demonstrated to me the ut well-nigh importance of effective assessment and management. The ambulance which was called, had very minimal medical equipment, with the paramedic using used gloves to assess his make wounds, the standards of care did not improve at the medical clinic so my friend thought it trump out if I take him back to the hotel and I look after him myself. Using basic knowledge from classes focusing on contagious disease prevention and using skills from my senior first aid course, I did the best I could. The experience taught me the value of b eing amply competent and having a wide understanding of all facets of medicine from clinical sciences, patient assessment, and social and cultural contributions to disease.Furthermore, Understanding the principles behind basic procedural skills and being able to conduct and explain to the patient proper technique behind examinations such as a spirometry is of absolute importance as I was to find out when I went to my GP for a recreational scuba diver examination. My lung function tests returned with an FEV1/FEC% of 59%, indicating I had severe chronic obstructive pneumonic disease (COPD) The nurse countersinked my technique and he had me repeat the test several times, still yielding the same result. It was not until my doctor watched me perform the test and noted the error in my technique, that I yielded a normal FEV1/FEC% of 98%. This experience do me realise the absolute importance of understanding the proper technique of assessment skills as it can make a dramatic difference in patient diagnosis and its implications and to a fault patient authorisation in twain the practice and the practitioner. stiff CommunicationEffective dialogue is essential as it has positive effects on health outcomes, patient satisfaction, therapy compliance and even symptom resolution. To my surprise I found effective dialogue to be my weakest capability. When I entered this course, I had little doubts about my communicative abilities, and was even somewhat arrogant towards being taught how to be an effective communicator. Rapport has always been easy for me to establish, allowing me to perform well in dilettante meet/greet, factual situations such as in clinical sessions at hospital and at work as a student affair officer. I am in like manner comfortable communicating to groups of throng, often volunteering to squeeze the project presentations in scenario group and having no issues talking to complete strangers. further it was not until my communication assignment that my illusions were overturned and I was confronted with my poor communication skills when it comes to something much more meaningful and personal. I was very disappointed at my performance during the oppugn, although I understand the methods and principles of effective communication, demonstrated by my divers(a) Ps and P+s in written assignments, positive feedback in capabilities and my reference letter from my current employer, when I try put it into practice in an interview situation, my composure deteriorates. My nervousness and insecurities hinder me from expressing eloquently what it is I am trying to present, leading to poor inappropriate responses, and my lack of confidence and inability to juggle input and output information concurrently made my responses jumpy and ineffective. I hope with more experience in interview situations I can build my confidence and learn how to compose myself by following a suitable structure and concentrating on the patient and actively listenin g rather than preoccupying myself with thoughts of what should I ask next? Am I doing this wrong?.The communications assignment revealed more to me than just my inability to take effectively but more so the fact that I splutter to connect with people beyond the superficial, it made me realise I had many friends, but none of which I had a substantial relationship with. I have taken on the plan to learn better communication skills which is a much more mentally demanding and complex process than apparently conversing with an individual. Reaching this higher level of skill and fulfillment in living and working with others will require effort, conscious aid, and practice with other people. I can give way more skillful and less clumsy, more confident and less fearful, more understanding of others and less threatened by them. To run more cooperatively and more satisfyingly I must learn how to participate in my chats and observe them at the same time. I understand changes as signific ant as these will take years rather than over night. I hope that when given the opportunity to undertake a second communications assignment, I have veritable my communication skills to a satisfactory level, where I can have a meaningful conversation with another person, in a coherent, comprehensive manner.Team WorkI was highly apprehensive of my first group project as police squadwork was a foreign concept to me. Being a very independent and self reliant individual and having very few notable opportunities to develop my teamwork skills in the past I was unsure of the fundamental skills required to be a good team impostor. Most notably was my understanding of my role deep down a team and trusting and relying on the other members of the group. My first group project proved to be a great success both in terms of grades and self development. I learnt I could perform aptly in a team environment demonstrated by the positive feedback. I entangle trusting in the competency of the oth er members of my team was easier than I initially expected as we had an initial discussion that developed a mutual understanding of the expectations of one another as a team. However regardless the good marks yielded from the assignment I felt I had plenty to learn in regards to communication, compromising and developing a strong sense of self within a team. I felt I was too passive within the group which in hindsight made a relatively simple task a lot more difficult, lacking the confidence to speak up when I felt self-conscious undertaking certain tasks and failing to voice concern when I needful help or was uncertain. I was not nave to believe that developing as a better team player would not be a challenge and it took me several projects to feel comfortable within a group, acting competently as both a contributor and even leader when necessary. I have come to understand that the unequivocal multidisciplinary temperament of medicine in to twenty-four hourss integrated society makes learning how to function and kick the bucket effectively within a team of the up most importance. Communication, which may be across different disciplines and even languages, is the fundamental foundations necessary for well integrated successful teamwork.I felt my greatest contributions as a team member have been my enthusiasm and positive personality, encouraging other members of the team to participate and stay on track in a friendly environment. I was willing to help out with the odd jobs whenever necessary and engage with other members of the team to develop a cohesive team environment. This naturally led to me taking on a leadership role and I found that leading by example was the best method of ensuring the team stayed on track.My biggest fault as a team player initially was my inflexibility and lack of punctuality to group meetings, my inability to unionise my time efficiently had ramifications upon the team and its progress. I have rectified the situation by making more time for my education and have realised mutual sacrifice and compromise is all part of being a good team player. self-Directed Learning and Critical EvaluationSelf directed learning is one of those concepts I was not introduced to until I entered the tertiary education system. Like many students the transition from spoon feeding to self determination was an unexpected and confronting experience. However the development of self-directed and critical military rating skills throughout the phase has been integral in my progress and growth as a medical student. Although highly proactive and enthusiastic, I have had a tendency to lack the motivation and perseverance to carry on with the coordinate learning system I devise at the beginning of each teaching block, often due to the overwhelming quantity of information and lack of strict learning objectives which lead me to often deviate from my focus. I have found it helpful to focus strictly on information provided in lectures and pr acticals, and only at the end of each scenario I refer to immaterial resources for more information.Although satisfactory my negotiated assignment was not evidence of my best work, I definitely didnt put as much effort into it as with my previous assignments. I am disappointed I wasted my only opportunity to explore something that was of interest to me, and hope if given a second vista in later phases, I will take upon a negotiated assignment with more enthusiasm and dedication. In my assignment Varenicline, a New locoweed Cessation Drug, I did an excellent job critically evaluating the ISMP report, unfortunately this was not the set criteria, thus I received a P. This made me certified of the importance of being meticulous, not only in my research, but also keeping focus on the criteria.I received my first F in my generic self directed capability for my group assignment Diagnostic Imaging in Hepatobiliary Disease. We often assume that everyone will subjugate material of the sa me academic quality and integrity, and this experience has reminded me to pay hand-to-hand attention and ensure everyone in the group is at a consensus for the standard of work that is expected of each other.Responsibility, self directed learning and attention to detail are some of few things I have gained from learning to scuba dive. Your actions alone, from checking and maintaining your equipment, assessing water conditions and making sure you have learnt and understood the correct procedures can determine whether you have a successful, enjoyable dive or a miserable and possibly even fatal one.Ethics and legitimate ResponsibilitiesLearning about the ethical and legal responsibilities of medical professionals is one of my most enjoyable aspects of the curriculum. It provides me with an escape from the density of the sciences and allows me opportunities for free thought, reflection and personal development. One notable instance was during one of my first ethical motive tutorials i n BGD where the ethics and morals of abortion were put to debate. Although I didnt tell the class, having undergone an abortion at the age of fifteen, this topic hit very close to home, and I suppose getting quite worked up over some of the comments made throughout the debate. I remember feeling frustrated and upset that there were people out there that were so nave. In hindsight, I am ashamed I was so judgmental and harsh in my horizon of others based on their values, and have learnt to respect different perspectives beyond my own beliefs. The experience also made me realise the implications of ones own experiences, values, morals and beliefs on interactions with possible future patients and the necessity for sensitivity and respect of all perspectives in order to provide the highest level of care.These ideas of tolerance and respect for others was further imbed through the completion of the ethics based assignments which I thoroughly enjoyed, Transplant tourism, which debated n on-malfeasance and beneficience, and Ethics of Brain Death and withdrawing life support which discussed the legal and ethical issues associated with medically indicated withdrawal of life sustaining treatment from incompetent/brain drained patients. The concept of patient autonomy permeates throughout medical ethics, as I have come to see through both the assignments and various ethics tutorials. Patient autonomy is increasingly and rightly perceived as a manifestation of the individuals rights of self determination and privacy, universally regarded as a column of civil liberty. While there may be temptations on the part of medical professionals to intervene and to protect individuals from their health care choices, the principle of respect for individual autonomy dictates that if these choices can be deemed autonomous, then they must be respected regardless of the possible adverse consequences of such action, to do otherwise would be unjustified paternalism. However, whatever th e truth about the debate there is also strong argument that the issue changes dramatically when introducing a third party into the decision, be it a pregnant mothers rights versus the unborn foetus or a families religious groundings versus a doctors medical opinion. Although learning about different bioethical arguments and perspectives has been enlightening and enjoyable, developing my own set of values and opinions has been more disconcerting. ethical reasoning is flexible and volatile, instead of learning a strict set of values, I hope to understand a wide variety of perspectives and correct this knowledge when it is appropriate.The legal obligations as a health care professional in Australia was highlighted to me when I took legal action against my dentist whose unsatisfactory professional misconduct, negligence and breach of responsibility of care left me with a servere malocclusion of my lambaste leading to tempromandibular joint dysfunctions, requiring extensive treatment . The competency of the regulatory bodies within Australia ensure those who live in Australia receive appropriate and adequate quality medical care. This is a palpable comparison to many other countries around the world, where duty of care is a foreign concept, and regulatory bodies are few and far-offaway between.Reflective PractitionerTo me, reflection does not mean to look back only on my errors and try to rectify them for the future, but to also analyse experiences and notable occasions and achievements in my life and understand how those experiences have shape me as an individual on the path to becoming a fully competent, well rounded medical practitioner.Effective communication is by far the most important capability I have to conquer as it is the capability that I am least proficient in and also is the one that hinders my progress in other capabilities such as patient assessment and management and teamwork. I only wish I developed an awareness of the relevance of the alum capabilities earlier on in my studies so that I could have taken full advantage of opportunities for developing them during the course. undertaking this process of reflection whilst compiling my portfolio has allowed me to realise that by developing skills beyond my academic achievements I am building attributes required for the lifelong learning that is necessary in the medical profession. I plan to try and a take a moment at the end of each day to reflect on the days achievements and activities. I hope this daily rite of self awareness will allow me to improve each day. The portfolio has allowed me to become aware of my current level of achievement within each of the graduate capabilities and provided me with a structured manner as to develop specific attributes within the course and encouraged further development of these attributes throughout my degree.

High Speed Wireless Broadband Network in Malaysia

High Speed Wire slight great(a)band Ne iirk in MalaysiaThe intention of this final year mold is to analyse just slightly the advanced speed receiving set wideband cyberspace in Malaysia. This roll consists of cardinal major breaks which atomic number 18 investigating of problems of re minute in receiving set wideband net income and good and enhancement in receiving set wideband mesh in Malaysia. For each part, is further divided into the making of si grayback between receiving set broadband changemitrs in Malaysia. The look part cl steers the study about the remedyment and enhancement about the tuner broadband locomotive room in Malaysia and the latest applied science that so-and-so be impose in Malaysia.In this draw, for the manageness part, foc utilisationd on famous and big political party of receiving set broadband provider much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Celcom ,DiGi,Telekom Malaysia and P1WiMAX in their engine room and problems o ccur. Apart from this, we go out k today the go around applied science in fit outless broadband. The project of the development of radio set technology throughout Malaysia should be attend non only if from the provider side exactly alike from the functionr intimate of view. Further much, mappingr motives the best for them and the primary(prenominal) aspect in enhancing the radio communion technology in Malaysia.This final year project gave exposure in about intactly the technology been utilise in implementing the radio receiver technology. whatever related or sustainful fel humiliatedship constituteed during counterfeital study was subject to be applied during the completion of this project. Furthermore, this project overly gave valu up to(p) understand throughout the explore in searching for the data.This project is precise engageful and importeeful as last speed tuner broadband has a very wide feed of substance ab drug user. The technology is us u eithery use to marry people every(prenominal)where and one of the key of breeding. The advantages in using wireless broadband everyplace fixed line cable of these systems be wireless technology non using any cable so it is wireless and movable. It also has postmortem military operation depending on the technology being used. needThe author has been motivated to write this report for various modestnesss.Scientific query in the wireless mul snipdia system dialogue field is ontogeny fast.Futhermore,the design of diverse technologies in wireless broadband technology whirl different per realizeance bequeath figure out the author eager to find out the best for some(prenominal) users and providers.The impressive evolution of roving networks and the potential of wireless multimedia communication pose many questions to operators,manufacturers and scientists working in the field.The future scenario is string out to several alternatives such as thoughts,proposals and act ivities of the near future could provide the f atomic number 18 to apply points and dictate the intermit and improved trends of wireless military religious serviceman.Because of this,the author is very enthusiasm to participate in the research to the Malaysia in enhancing and growing the wireless technology.Nowadays, the habitude of lucre is become essential in humans life. cyberspace earth-closet help us in doing many tasks in our day-to-day life. One stern say that life mean nothing without cyberspace market. However the browsing activity bequeath occur nearly problems such as the coverage, speed and another(prenominal) limitation. This phenomenon has inspired the author to research the naughty gear speed wireless technology that will bring benefit to the user. This research will help twain provider and user in rescue wireless technology to the further grade.OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECTThe main objective of this project is to study and research about the gritty speed wireless broadband network and to comp are the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia. The research will reveal the best provider and technology for the customer to choose. in that respectfore, in pitch to extend to the tar break down, the objectives listed be imprint should be met.Firstly is to analyze on each technology that been use to come out with the best proficiency to film this wireless technology discover. Secondly, is to study the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia and fin eachy, the most crucial part of the project is to make comparisons between main wireless broadband network provider in Malaysia by considering in many aspect such as their technology, problems and go.PROJECT DESCRIPTIONIn this project, a detail research about wireless broadband in Malaysia had been studied. For the improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband part, the main goal is to improve and enhance the technology of the wireless.The requ irement for this research is the wireless broadband technology moldiness require both provider and user satisfaction. Both providers and users want to improve coverage, claver feel, poorer the cost, traffic management and the services.All of this roll in the hay be achieve by using better technology such as HSDPA,iBurst,WiMAX and others so that the final product will be lento to install, best quality, low-priced and portableThe main wireless in Malaysia are DiGi,P1WiMAX,Celcom and Maxis. This provider use different technology for last mile. So, comparison has been proceed between those technologies so find their pro and cons.This report and project is intended for use by graduate students approaching research activities in the wireless communications sphere and by professional engineers and project managers involve in wireless design,aiming for better and at consolidating their future vision of the wireless multimedia world.Current mobile and wireless system and architectural concepts must evolve in order to cope with complex connectivity requirements and also users need. Scientific research in this rightfully multidisciplinary field is growing fast. This project will discover and reveal about the impudent technologies, new-made architectural concepts and new challenges that are emerging.PROJECT ARRANGEMENTThis project comprises of two major parts which are compare and research part. For the comparison part, it drive out be further separated into the customer side and the provider side.In order to satisfy both sides,survey been made and interview been proceed.The breeding achieved from the confederation will be private and confidential similar to the personal learning of the customer .This is true data from both side without any hesitate from them.This project was handled by two persons. The persons who are involved in this project are the author and partner The author is responsible in improvement and enhancement in wireless broadband network in Malaysia plot Nur Kamila Mohd Kamil is responsible in investigating of problems of service in wireless broadband network.Both of us will focus on comparison between the main wireless provider is Malaysia.THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROGRESS OF THE PROJECTInitial actInitially, a complete and comprehensive literature review is done to gain as many nurture as possible, to ensure a unadulterated understanding before any planning or generating of ideas is done to generally start the project. The entire literature review consists of a variety of information obtained from the Internet, books, journals that accept information about wireless broadband.Development StageIn this development ar carry, the entire information ga on that pointd in the first stage is investigating all the information collected at the first stage.At this stage also we shake done comparing the wire cable and also wireless broadband by interviewing Telekom Berhad.We distributing survey to know customer point of v iew.To collect more information,we also interview other broadband provider. last(a) StageIn this final stage, the process for this project becomes more involved and specific. It is because this final stage deals with compiling and analyzing the data and information collected at the initial and development stage.However, collecting data is still proceed in this stage as there are a lot of information and wireless broadband is getting wider and the technology are getting better day by day. That is why this stage is very important in learning how to adapt the technologies that never stop growing, which is invaluable to any engineer student.CHAPTER OVERVIEWThis report has been conceived to cover several traditionally separated chapters,there by offering the complete guide to approach issues related to the wireless multimedia communication network improvement and enhancement.Chapter 1 covers the objectives that the author wants to achieve to ensure the triumph of this project and the overall ideas related to the project are explained in detail.Chapter 2 covers literature review on the improving and enhancing the wireless broadband and punctuate of the major technologies that been studied in completing this project. This chapter contains a brief overview of all the theory that was collected throughout the researched.Chapter 3 covers methodology involved in this project. The method to obtain all those final result described.Chapter 4 contains result from the analyzing all the data collected in this project through research, interview and survey. This result is described base on the theory researched before.Chapter 5 contains the conclusion for the entire project and its achievements.Recommendations for future improvement is also stated in this chapter.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter 2,the report will provides the readers with all those technologies follow in current wireless communication systems and the author also presents some proposed the latest technologies that already implement abroad to be done in Malaysia.This chapter will be devided into 2 parts improvement part and enhancement part.Chapter 2 also explained about the Malaysias government plan in developing broadband technology and also overview about the main wireless broadband providers in Malaysia.INTRODUCTION TO BROADBANDAny type of transmission technique that carries some data channels over a common wire refers to broadband.DSLservice, combines separate voice and data channels over a case-by-case telephone line, is one of the case of broadband technology. broadband constitutes any form of high-speed Internet adit using this transmission technique in home networking. Voice fills the low end of the frequency spectrum and data fills the high end in DSL.General broadband Internet technologies are both DSL and cable modem. Devices that support both DSL and cable are broadband routersand broadbandmodems.Fiber (FTTH)and fixed wireless are other types of home broadband . basis bear the network bandwidth at least 256Kbpsfor connections in one counsel is a general guideline to meet the criteria as a broadband Internet service.The term broadband generally refers to high-speed Internet entrance fee that faster than the typical dial-up irritate and that is always on. broadband is dissimilar from dail-up where broadband service supplies higher-speed of data transmission. The transmission pipeline will allows unembellished national to be carried through it. On the other hand, broadband offers access to the highest quality Internet services such as streaming media, VoIP (Internet phone), gaming, and interactive services. many an(prenominal) of these current and newly-developing services require the transition of large amounts of data that whitethorn not be technically practical with dial-up service. Therefore, broadband service whitethorn be ever more necessary to access the full range of services and opportunities that the Internet can offer. Bro adband is always on so there is no need to reconnect to network after logging off. For this reason it does not block phone lines. Broadband has less delay in transmission of content.(http//www.broadband.gov/about_broadband.html).Broadband in MalaysiaMalaysian broadband users are growing in numbers every day.According to an AC Nielsen survey in 2009,Malaysians be third in the global ranking of the Digital media consumers,who spend over 20 hours a week watching streamed or downloaded content from the Internet.It is needed that there is a growing need from Malaysians for a better broadband service.The reason why broadband has become a unavoidableness is because travel to tne web-o-sphere is inevitable for any corporate entity today.The broadband and Internet opens up a host of business opportunities,options and solutions allowing market expansion and growth.Broadband enable Malaysian to communicate.They can communicate via e-mail as well as other genial networking sites and the In ternet sometimes functions as students virtual classroom and for students course work.Broadband service is an important need of companies.They could suffer losses as slack up services would hinder the online experience.As Malaysian are already in the IT world, Malaysian dont just need a broadband service,but need one that is better.As Malaysia is develops,the usage of the internet becomes even more vital as Malaysia has a high number of users,Internet service providers should cater the best for the users.Broadband service is a necessity for the corporate world as well as personal use.Internet is the inviolate part of the modern world.It is time for Malaysian to enjoy something that they need less hassle as technologies rent allowed room for improvement in the Internet service. (daripade malay mail paper).Malaysia National Broadband Initiative (NBI).The National Broadband Initiative is the governments initiative to provide broadband service to the whole boorish and highspeed broa dband with high economic activities.The target is to connect 50 part of Malaysian households to broadband by 2010.This measurement on household will futher be enhanced by considering other elements that would better reflect the use of broadband by the citizen such as taking into account cellular mobile penetration,PC ownership,use of internet in Community Broadband Centres,office and school.Under the NBI,highspeed broadband service will be 10Mbs and below.The era of slow Internet (dail-up) connection will be over and of course broadband will transfer peoples lives.The aim is to narrow the gap between the haves in urban fields,and have-nots in pastoral studys,often referred to as the digital divide.This imbalance in communication access can have social ramifications if not address at the nation al level.In Malaysia,the push to narrow down the gap between the urban and agricultural has been entrusted to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commision (MCMC).MCMC is mandated to work towards narrowing the inequalities of access that make it in underserved areas and populations.MCMC has overseen project that have steadily reduced the number of areas that were not served by telecommunications services.Speeding Up Malaysias TranformationICT and Internet are recognised as vital support services and platform in driving all other sectors in the social economic growth of nations along the lines of knowledge based and Digital economy.As a logical follow-through of the ICT development for the landed estate following earlier related initiatives in computerization,upgrading and Digitalisation of the communications networks,the intro of the multimedia super corridor (MSC) in the 1996,the advent and the phenomenal pull in up the Internet and IP-based technologies,the nation has indeed stepped up with the introduction of NBI in October 2004.The strategy adopted under the NBI was to address the availability of broadband as an engine of growth and need to bridge th e Digital divide with the objective of providing faithful access to communication services.More importantly ,the citizen have access to sanctioned amenities to basic amenities through the Internet such as health and emergency services,schools, government and local services and of course other consumer services.Under NBI, rural communities will be connected to broadband services through the Community Broadband Centre located throughout the country.The combative environment generated by the communications and multimedia industry has propelled the widespread adoptation of broadband through availability of affordable package and choices to the Malaysian open hence increase the connectivity of the citizen and reach to market.Moving Towards Innovation EconomyWith broadband,Malaysian will have access to the Internet,information and services that can be capitalised to improve socio-economic standing.Rural communities in the hard-to-reach places in particular,can use broadband to gathe r useful information and access to services at their fingertips,without having to go far and wide.Broadband is expected to have tangible impact on Malaysias Gross Domestic Product (GDP).It will increase national conflict and foreign direct investments nonnegative enable a knowledge-based and innovation compulsive economy.NBI targets 50 percents households to get broadband service by end of 2010.It is a government initiative to provide infrastructure in line with the new economic model,aims to transform Malaysia into knowledge based society generating the high income economy.In overall term, it aims to improve,the nations socio-economic standing globally.As the NBI will provide the service to the whole country,so every one will be entitled to the broadband service including those in the rural areas.This access to knowledge could be extended to family members and communities which in turn will enrich the nation.With the NBI, economic innovation can also help bridge the socio-econom ic gap.The broadband service,has leveraged the olive-sized medium endeavours and entrepreneurs (SMEs) to market their products to much larger networks via the world wide web.Although there are concerns usage Internet will expose the people to negative influences,but to curb it, Internet also provides the breeding and knowledge at the fingertip.Malaysias government on its part will take proactive action to prevent negative elements to stringent monitoring and enforcement of laws.Just as much as the country will get the economic benefits there are other aspects that Malaysia can gain from the improvement and enhancement of the broadband service too.The advantage of broadband service are limitless.INTRODUCTION TO radio set TECHNOLOGY receiving set is very essential.Wireless networksis presenting a network having no wires as wireless network can connect your computer to a network using radio waves and so you can move your computer wheresoever easily. Wireless network has made a net work very portable because of digital modulation, adaptive modulation, information compression, and access multiplexing. IT Consulting group with IEEE certified 802.11b technology, introduced wireless networks. With wireless networks, you will experience the privacy and personal computer protective covering extra than before. Air is the medium for the wireless network. A wireless networks have offering very flexible, roaming, high standard and low cost. There are different types of wireless network such as wireless LAN, wireless MAN, and mobile devices network. 2.2.1 suits of Wireless Networks and network usageImagine the world is all in all without wire. It must be amazing and very comfortable. Without using any wires, by means of communication, a wireless network able to two or more than two computers.Depends on the technology which is using, wireless networksutilizes spread-spectrum orOFDM. User able to travel about within a wide coverage area and they still can be connected to the network with wireless network. There are different types of wireless networking such as wide area network, local area network and personal area network but the most common are of two which are WLAN(Wireless Local domain Network) and WMAN(Wireless Metropolitan Area Network).The usage of wireless networking greater than ever piecemeal because it has influenced vital impact on the world therefore its uses have well developed. Through wireless networks, you can send information over the world using satellites. As wireless network utilize to commune meaningful information speedily, wireless networks used in emergency services like police department nowadays. It doesnt matter to be in a small office or across the world, the growth of wireless network increasing develops both in people and businesses to send and share data rapidly. An extra very important exercise for wireless networks is as a loud and fast way to be nexused to the Internet in regions especially where telecom tr ansportation is insufficient and no source for communication. You can get access to other network resources like Library Online System to make use of wireless networks because to move your laptop anywhere is very effortless nowadays. The use of printer, file sharing and other documents with high security is also can be implement with wireless network.(http//www.freewimaxinfo.com/wireless-network.html).IMPROVING THE HIGH-SPEED piano tuner BROADBAND TECHNOLOGYCommonly, wideband of frequencies is available to send out information is called broadband refers to telecommunication in which a. Because a wide band of frequencies is available, information can be multiplexed and sent on many different frequencies or channels within the band concurrently, allowing more information to be transmissible in a given amount of time (much as more lanes on a highway allow more cars to travel on it at the same time). Related terms arewideband(a synonym),baseband(a one-channel band), and narrowband(so metimes meaning just wide enough to carry voice, or simply not broadband, and sometimes meaning specifically between 50cpsand 64Kpbs).Meanwhile wireless mean wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the signal over part or all of the communication path. Wireless is better than wired cable because wireless technology is portable, has premier performance and flexible configuration and integration.Both provider and user want to improve the coverage.So that,the signal has good indoor penetration for residential and enterprise applications fast rollout and wide coverage.For the wireless broadband company they want to improve and achieve better capacity which can support sufficiently high number of simultaneous users.Call quality is one of the factor that both user and provider want to improve so that it will have low latency, high data-rate and high reliability and uptime.Generally user want to have afford able, severalise tariff packages that suit different user needs plus low CPE (customer-provided equipment )price. Improving services is also essential so that user has fortune to replace existing fixed line voice services and rising slope anything regarding their broadband without any complicated policy.Beside that, technology is based on open standard to enable economic of scales and wide adoption.The roadmap of the broadband also must be well defined to enhance technology or broadband services. Traffic management must achieve 80% of the bandwidth for 80% of the users (and not 20% of the users). Broadband should have sufficient spectrum for large-scale deployment long-term growth.Wireless broadband needs to deliver something that is affordable by the user with low cost CPE, low access price, and attractive value-added services -broadband data and voice.Broadband which is easy to install, simple installation and no need for phone lines (broadband on the go) plus best quality whi ch has quick connection and consistently good performance.Finally user want to has portability which has pervasive coverage (including indoor) and always connected.WiMAXAlso known as IEEE 802.16, WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system that is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks. In Malaysia,P1WiMAX is the company that use this technology to implement wireless broadband.WiMAX can give broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed post, and 3 10 miles (5 15 km) for mobile stations. On the contrary, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is check in most cases to only 100 300 feet (30 100m).The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for connectingWi-Fi alive(p)spotsto the Internet, providing a wireless alternative to cable andDSLfor last mile broadband access. Besides providing data, telecommunications andIPTVservices (triple play),WiMAX also providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continui ty plan. That is, if a business has both a fixed and a wireless Internet connection, especially from unrelated providers, they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. Finally WiMAX provides portable connectivity.WiMAX technologyExtending broadband wireless access to new locations and over longer distance,WiMAX (802.16) is the next stage to a broadband .In the wireless world,WiMAX reducing the cost of bringing broadband to new areas. WiMAX (802.16) technology provides wider range and bandwidth than the other available or forthcoming broadband wireless technologies such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). It offers a wireless option to wired backhaul and last mile deployments that use cable modems, Data Over telegraph Service Interface Specification (DOGS1S), Digital Subscriber Line technologies (DSL), T-carrier and E-carrier (Tx/Ex) systems and visual Carrier Level (OC-x) technologies.Based on the typical connection to the public wireless networks by using optical fibre, microwave link, cable or any other high speed connectivity, the backhaul of the WiMAX (802.16) is created. Mesh networks, Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) connectivity is also used as a backhaul in a few cases. WiMAX (802.16) should use Point-to-Point antennas as a backhaul ideally to join subscriber sites to each other and to basestations across long distance.A Subscriber Station (WiMAX CPE) typically serves a construction using wired or wireless LAN.Using Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) or LOS Point-to-Multi-Point connectivity,a WiMAX basestation serves subscriber stations both connections is referred to as the last mile communication.WiMAX (802.16) should use NLOS Point-to-Multi-Point antennas to connect residential or business subscribers to the WiMAX Basestation (BS) preferably.Type of WiMAX and receiverTheWiMAXfamily of standards (802.16) focus on two types of usage models which are afixed WiMAXusage model and amobile WiMAXusage model. Thefixed WiMAXserves the stationary and pedestrian cla sses meanwhile amobile WiMAXnetwork access system is one that can address the vehicular classUntil now one of the important restrictions to the widespread acceptance of WiMAX has been the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver). This is not only the price of WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) itself, but also that of installation. The idea of a self-installed WiMAX CPE (WiMAX Receiver) has been difficult for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) from the beginning, but with the arrival of WiMAX technology this issue seems to be getting resolved. In the past, BWA has been predominantly Line Of Sight (LOS), requiring highly adept labour and a truck utilization to install and provide a service to customer.WiMAX designInternal devices and a WiMAX tower are the table of contents of aWiMAX basestation. Some other and environmental issues bound the limits of WiMAX range to 10 km or 6 miles. A WiMAX basestation can normally covers the area of about 50 kilometres or 30 miles radius. The WiMAX basestations w ould use the media access control level defines in the standard and would allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth to subscribers according to their requirements on real time basis. Any wireless user within the coverage area would be able to access the WiMAX services.WiMAX in futureCompare to the typical Wi-Fi hot spots, WiMAX technologycan make high speedwireless broadbandInternet services available to much larger areas. great than the physical distance limitations of Wi-Fi hot spots or DSL, WiMAX technology can also be used to interconnect existing Wi-Fi networks.WiMAX Technology can play a significant role in helping service providers to deliver converged services that can be accessed using a broad range of devices on a wide variety of networks.WiMAX implementations can provide a wireless range of up to 30 miles or 50 kilometres.By given different capabilities while allowing for seamless integration at the technical level, 3G and WiMAX Technology solutions fit well together. To b ecome highly spectrally efficient, 3G technologies have evolved over many years allowing operators to take benefit of costly spectrum commit to mobile services. 3G CDMA technologies such as W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO provide high through puts in low bandwidths as 5 MHz and 1.25 MHz, respectively.Treat to WiMAX and securityWiMAX security, perceptual constancy and quality of service are some of factors involved in declining the WiMAX technology performance. In this subchapter author is going to discuss the threats involved in WiMAX.WiMAX basestations andWiMAX node Premise Equipments are the content of the WiMAX wireless access network. The WiMAX basestations provide network add-on to the WiMAX CPEs. AWiMAX Customer Premise Equipment(WiMAX CPE) selects the one which offers the strongest signal as a servingWiMAX basestation. At this point, aWiMAX basestationand a collection of servedWiMAX Customer Premise Equipments (WiMAX CPEs) play the role of system while the subscriber plays th e role of the user.TheMedium Access Control(MAC) degree andphysicallayer are two of most important layers of protocol architecture of WiMAX Technology. Common Partsub layer is the essential part of WiMAX technology layered architecture.MAC ProtocolData Units (PDUs) are constructed, connections are established and bandwidth is managed in this layer. With the Convergence layer, the Common Part (CP) exchangesMACService Data Units (SDUs). Tightly interconnected with Common Part is thePrivacy sub layer. With the Physical layer ,the Security sub layer exchanges MAC PDUs. The Convergence layer adapts units of data of higher level protocols to the MAC SDU format, and vice versa. Sorts the incomingMACSDUs by the connections to which they belong by The Convergence layer. acquire and transmitted through coding and modulation of radio frequency signals, ThePhysical layeris a two-way mapping between MAC PDUs and Physical layer frames.Type of treats in WiMAX are Rouge Basestation,DoS (Denial of Service) Attacks,Data Link-Layer Threat,Application Layer Threat,Physical Layer Threat,Threat, Authentication, Key, Theft, Water and finally Black Hat Threat.The primaryWiMAX securityconcerns from the point of view of an end user are privacy and data integrity. Users need guarantee that no one can eavesdrop on their sessions and that the data sent across the communication link is not tampered and usually achieved through the use ofWiMAX network encryption.An importantWiMAX securityconsideration is preventing unauthorized use of the network services. From the service providers point of view, using strong authentication and access control methods. The service providers need to prevent fraud should be conjectural against the difficulty that it may impose on the user. Thephysical layer, and theprivacy sub layer are the example of authentication and access controlthat can be implemented at various levels of the network.Multiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology o nWiMAXThe use ofMultiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO) technology onWiMAX, which is the technology brand crap for the implementation of the standardIEEE 802.16 is called WiMAX MIMO.Multiple Input and Multiple Output or MIMO, refers t

Left-side Ureteric Colic Case Study

Left-side Ureteric Colic Case StudyCase Study grouping BIntroductionA 46 year old depository was admitted to requisite with odd(a)-side ureteric colic. She had a similar case 3 historic period ago and she passed a small tartar spontaneously. She has been winning cimetidine (for the last 6 months), for dyspepsia treatment. Physical inquiry revealed a tenderness in the left loin.SymptomsLeft-side ureteric colic.Small calculus passed spontaneously (3 years ago).Tenderness in the left loin.Medication TakenCimetidine (last 6 months) for dyspepsia treatment.Serum Results (compared to shape)Creatinine 150 umol/L (50-110)Na+ 141mM (135-145)K+ 4.2mM (3.5-5.1)Total CO2 20nM (23-29)carbamide 8.1Mm (4.0-8.2)Albumin 40g/L (35-50)Calcium 3.49mM (2.1-2.5)Phosphate 0.60mM (1.0-1.5)ALP Activity 160U/L (20-140)Results that disaccord from normal levels are underlined.Suspected/Differential DiagnosisThis affected role has been admitted to emergency with 3 major symptoms, all of which occ urred in spite of appearance the last 3 years (symptoms are stated above). Along with this the longanimous role has been subscribed cimetidine for the last 6 months which is advised to not be suck upn when the persevering is cognize to have kidney problems, this could potentially be increasing the problematic symptoms.The most new symptom, to which the diligent was initially admitted, is left-side ureteric colic. This is motived by movement of the calculus that produces unpleasant sensations of group AB pain practically in waves (colicky) or sometimes a ageless pain, both of which will typically move until it reaches the hypochondrium (or groin area). This supports the results from the physical examination which state that there was a tenderness in the perseverings left loin, collectible to the movement of the calculus and pain from there-forth.These symptoms are most commonly demonstrable after passing of a kidney precious stone, such(prenominal) as the small calcul us that this patient passed 3 years ago. These stones can be static or moving, the latter of which can be more than painful and birth more symptoms as it travels.Renal calculi are generally formed when the water system is too saturated with minerals and salts such as atomic number 20 and others. This is supported by the patients business-serum results which indicate a high amount of calcium (3.49mM) where the deification level is around 2.1-2.5mM. Kidney stones are primarily made out of 60-80% calcium, so the overplus amount implant in the patients affinity can easily result in a build-up of a calculus.In addition to the excess of calcium, there is likewise an excess of other substrates in the blood. One of which is creatinine which is ideally found between 50-110 umol/L but the patient contains excess of 150 umol/L. High amounts of creatinine is cognize to effect the ability for the kidneys to drip fluid within the body. This will lead to a build-up of certain substra tes in the blood such as the calcium mentioned previously. Therefore, high amounts of creatinine can cause a domino effect where high amounts of creatinine = high amounts of other substrates, this could cause major problems in the body if not treated immediately.Also within the results of the patients blood-serum probe is the abnormality of low amounts of CO2 (20nM) known as hypocapnia, this is can be utilise to indicate that the patient may be beginning to show signs of kidney failure.Similarly, low amounts of phosphate are shown (0.60mM), this is also an indication of kidney failure due to inadequate filtration of substrates by the kidney to be excreted as water system. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the amount of phosphate and calcium in the blood, typically the substrates react oppositely as phosphate increases, calcium will decrease. callable to there beingness a great excess in calcium the PTH hormone reacts to decrease the amount of phosphate in the blood serum. Finally, as phosphate is used to repair bones, help the function of nerves and tendon conshareion, low amounts of it can cause a severe problem in the patient. This links into the high amounts of ALP activity that are found in this patients blood-serum at 160U/L which can be caused by stones such as the small calculus being obstructive. This can lead to problems with bones, which being linked to low amounts of phosphate also, could cause severe problems in the patient and even bone cancer. However, high amounts of ALP have been found in women in the third trimester of pregnancy, which could be the case with this patient, but this is currently unknown.Further Tests to abide the diagnosisUrine examination can be used to get under ones skin if there is all blood in the patients urine (haematuria) which often occurs after passing a stone. Also the pH of the urine can be examined to indicate either the urine is normal, sulfurous (8.0) indicating that an infection could be present fr om organisms such as Proteus or Pseudomonas. As well as this, the urinalysis can show substrate crystals such as calcium oxalate- quite likely due to excess calcium in the patient.Imaging (X-ray, Ultrasound etc.) Firstly, KUB x-rays can be used to show abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters or bladders, these are indicated by dark shadows in the nephritic-tract but can be mistaken for phleboliths which is venous and not a form of calculus.Ultrasounds are easy and quick and does not use any form of radiation, this method will indicate stones that are of 0.5cm in diameter or larger.Next, Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) provides a clear outline of the urinary tract system and shows-up many indicators of kidney problems such as mild hydronephrosis, however this test can cause unwanted reactions in the patient that are better(p) avoided.Finally, a test for the PTH hormone can be undertaken with the calcium, phosphate and ALP blood tests. This will help to identify hyperparathyroidism, which is a hyperactivity of the hormone, as well as finding the cause for the high amounts of calcium in this patient.Treatments and PrognosisThe patient that is throe from left-side ureteric colic, small calculi and tenderness in the left loin should absorb plenty of liquids, primarily water. This will encourage any further renal stones to be passed and it will also begin to reduce any feasible damage to the functionality of urinary/renal tracts.If there are further stones found in the patient (possible due to high calcium amongst other substrate fluctuations) then with liquids they should pass spontaneously, unless they are large in-which they will need particularised removal that could involve surgery. Spontaneous movement and passing of stones may take as long as 40 day so the patient is likely to be under a lot of pain that is often compared to being worse than child birth, therefore pain killers such as paracetamol at a standard dosage of 1 or 2 tablets up to 4 times a day for an adult such as this patient, may be required to alleviate the pain.If by taking further tests, such as the urinary examination, it is found that the patient is suffering from an infection (pyonephrosis) then treatment is required such as percutaneous nephrostomy. This is usually an emergency procedure that is used to relieve an obstructed and septic renal collecting system by percutaneous puncture with ultrasonography guidance.Also, Medical Expulsive Therapies can be used such as calcium antagonists. These work by blocking the calcium ion channels to supress the fast agent for contracting the ureter, this in turn will help relax the glint muscles and help stones to pass more easily.Overall, the patient is likely to be in a lot of pain for some time, therefore, strong painkillers will be required and if in the case of infections then antibiotics could also be unavoidable to overcome the patients symptoms and to finally be cured.ReferencesClinical chemistry-Marshall, William J .,Bangert, S. K.,Lapsley, Marta2012. pen 05.01.14Clinical biochemistry an Illustrated Colour Text-Gaw, Allan, eauthor2013. referenced 05.01.14Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Normal Values. Referenced 05.01.14 royalcollege.caSalman S, Castilla C, Vela N R. Action of calcium antagonists on ureteral dynamics.Actas Urol Esp1989. PubMed Referenced 05.01.14Freeman SJ, Sells H, Investigation of loin pain, Imaging (2005) 17, 19-33, British Journal of Radiology. Referenced 05.01.14Miller OF, Kane CJ Time to stone passage for observed ureteral calculi a guide for patient education. J Urol. 1999. Referenced 05.01.14Amiel J, Choong S Renal stone disease the urological perspective. Nephron Clin Pract. 2004. Referenced 05.01.14

The Symptoms Of Dementia Health And Social Care Essay

The Symptoms Of dementedness Health And Social Cargon EssayDementia is a classify of symptoms bear on intellectual and social abilities, fearfully enough to interfere with cursory functioning. It is curtil jump ond by checks or changes in the champion. Dementia is the dismissal of mental functions very much(prenominal) as thinking, computer retentivity, and reasoning that interferes with a persons daily life and activities, Different types of lunacy exist, depending on the cause. Alzheimers disorder is the most common type. Dementia is a loss of the mind, it could be static which results from global wittiness injury or it could be progressive which results in long term decline in cognitive function (Hopkins). Dementia indicates problems with at least two oral sex functions, such as memory loss along with impaired judgment or language. Dementia has never been known to be a distemper unless a group of symptoms that causes ailments and conditions, approximately sympt oms be changes in constitution, mood, and behavior. Dementia sight stop close to mavin conf utilise and unable to remember the names and pregnant people in their lives like the name of children, husband, sisters and br an opposite(prenominal)(a)s. whatsoever cases of derangement do- nonhing be treated or cured because the cause is treatable, like mania caused by substance abuse e.g. street drugs, alcohol, controlled substances, madness caused by unvoiced depression. This is known as pseudo-dementia (false dementia) and is treatable. In most cases, a true dementia cannot be cured, because of some(a) causes that be curable and useially treated determines mustiness be thorough in making the decisions so as not to miss potentially treatable conditions. The frequency of treatable causes of dementia is believed to be ab out(p) 10 % (WebMD 2010). Dementia is classified as cortical or sub cortical depending on the field of view that is affected. Cortical dementia affects the cerebral cerebral mantle or the outer layer of the brain the cortex is a sheet of anxious tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, thinking, awareness, consciousness and language.it could lead to problems with memory, thinking, and language, difficulty comprehending written or spoken material. subcortical dementia results from dysfunction in the other brain areas below the cortex it is the portion of the brain immediately below the cerebral cortex, this is a categorize dementia which can as well as bring about memory loss, adulteration in thinking ability as well as changes in movement and emotions (Hopkins 2010).There are some related Dementia flabby cognitive hindrance is a transition stage between the cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious problems caused by Alzheimers ailment. This douse can affect the language, writing and reading and could probably cause memory loss. Vascular dement ia is the form of dementia that the condition is more than angiotensin converting enzyme it is a group of syndromes relating to antithetical vascular mechanisms. It is pr plaintable and the early signal detection and an accurate diagnosis are burning(prenominal). Mixed dementia is a condition in which Alzheimers infirmity and vascular dementia put across at the equivalent time, Dementia with Lewy body is a progressive declined disease or syndrome of the brain with several diseases, e redundantly with two common diseases of older adults, Alzheimers and Parkinsons. Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous carcass that often impairs the sufferers push back skills, speech, and other functions, Huntington disease, it is a genetically programmed degeneration of nerve cells in sealed areas of the brain. This degeneration causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance. Creutzfeldt-jacob disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare, degenerative, neurologic disorder that is invariably fatal and incurable. Normal storm hydrocephalus is a condition in which in that respect is too much cerebrospinal changeable in the ventricles. This occurs when the natural system for draining and bewitching extra cerebrospinal fluid does not work right. Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is a neurological disorder that could be acute or chronic which is caused by the wishing in the B vitamin thiamine, Frontotemporal dementia is a degenerative condition of the fragment of the brain it is a clinical syndrome caused by degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain and may extend back to the temporal lobe, It is one of three syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Dementia has lots of symptoms and all varies depending on the cause, the common ones are memory loss, difficulty in performing activities of daily living, in leave behavior, aggitation, personality changes, difficulty with coordination a nd motor function. Dementia can be diagnoses in different slipway the pertain determines the kind of rise, it is important for the doctors to witness out the curable dementia, like depression, normal pres certain hydrocephalus, or vitamin B12 deficiency which can cause the same symptoms. Early diagnosis and sermon is important for the patient of of. The different ways of diagnosing is autopsy to confirm or refine the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, the patient history so as to athletic supporter the doctor principle out some conditions, physical examination to help the doctor rule out the treatable and curable cause of dementia and identify some other illness in the body which and coincide with dementia, neurological examination to prise the sensory neuron and motor neuron, especially reflexes to determine if the nervous system is functioning and to determine a movement disorder or throw that may affect the patients diagnosis, lab test to rule out some symptoms like kidney failure that could contribute to the cause of dementia, the test includes everlasting(a) slant count, urinalysis, blood glucose test, cerebrospinal fluid analysis etc. Brain read to detect abnormalities of the brain the size of 5 mm and larger, it can overly be used by doctors to identify virgule, tumor or other problems that causes dementia, there are different kinds of brain scan which are, computed tomography (CT) which combines special x-ray equipment with complicated computers to produce multiple images or pictures of the in location of the brain. These images of the area being studied can then be examined on a computer monitor, printed or transferred to a CD and magnetic resonance resource (MRI) used in radiology to visualize detailed internal sensible structure and limited function of the body. Psychiatric evaluation used to determine there is depression including sad, hopeless or worthless, or another form of psychiatric disorder which may be contributing to the symptoms of dementia, and presymptomatic testing is used when no interposition available stands in contrast to genetic testing done for the diagnosis of the dementia (White).There is no specific word for dementia the treatment is to treat the cause. Patient with dementia needs to be under the supervision of medical care to focus on the forest care, music and treatments such as therapy, and family members to help in activities of daily living, and to help the patient cope with m any challenges. The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms of the disease some patient might be hospitalized for a short current of time. The available drugs that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ap prove to determine the treatment of behavioral disorder in patient with dementia is antipsychotic medication which includes, Risperdal, Seroquel, Zyprexa and Abilify, they are used to reduce the psychotic symptoms of dementia and allow the patient to function in force(p) and appropriatel y (FDA 2005). Drugs for treatment of dementia should be avoided unless they are really necessary, before any of these drugs are prescribed doctors make sure the patient is physically healthy, comfortable and well taken care of. Some symptoms that also be treated is when patient is pain, defecate problems with sight and have difficulty hearing, all this can make patient more unordered and increase their vulnerability. It is essential for patients to take the drugs exactly as prescribed to make it effective, but if the symptoms are not controlled the doctor may refer the patient to a specialist for further advice. There are some thinkable side cause of these drugs that may worsen the symptoms which are muscle builder stiffness, tremor, anemia, depression, summation failure, infection, nutritional disorder, hypoxia and abnormal movements, which must be listed on the drug guide. The doctor usually starts the medication with low battery-acid and gradually increase the dose until t he desired outcome is achieved. It is important to inform the doctor about any other drug that the patient is taking to avoid contraindications and once treatment is established it is important to review it regularly. In most cases these drugs should not be prescribed for more than three months and patient should not assume that if the has been proved to be effective does not mean it is going to be effective on them. There are some more drugs that can be prescribed which are mood stabilizer (citalopram, fluoxetine, and imipramine), stimulant (methylphenidate) and serotonin affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone), information on how to take this drugs must be provided by the doctor or pharmacist.What is Alzheimer?Alzheimers disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906 Alzheimers, it is irreversible, slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and as yettually by disturbances in reaso ning, planning, language, perception memory and thinking skills, and even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It is cited as number one mental health among people age 60 and the risk goes up as you get older. The risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease. Alzheimer is a progressive disorder that starts in the brain in the area that involves thought, memory and language. It is characterized by the stage of increase impairment and dependency (alz.org2010). People with Alzheimer disease may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people. The earliest sign of Alzheimer disease is behavior such as suspiciousness and a thought transit heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of unreason and delusion, angry, outburst, withdrawal. Over the time the symptoms of Alzheimer gets worse, they tends to forget how to speak, write, read, brush their teeth, comb their hair and even forget family members this might make them aggre ssive, wander around, and get stressed. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown but lots of factors have been explored. There is no whiz test that can detect Alzheimer but the disease is diagnosed by some symptoms, some findings on neurological examination and some result from symptomatic test. The tests show the possible sign and symptoms. The pathological hallmark associated with Alzheimers disease is farinaceous plaque and neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid is implant between nerve cells in the brain. Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits that the body produces normally, in an healthy brain the amyloid are broken and diminishes but in an Alzheimers disease the amyloid form hard and insoluble plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are also found in the brain of Alzheimer disease patients, this is the accumulation of twisted protein filaments within neurons of the cerebral cortex a characteristic pathological feature found in the brains of Alzheimers disease patients. In Alzheimers disease, there is an overall shrinkage of brain tissue and theories have proved that there is no cure for it. The part of the brain called sulci are widened while the part called gyri shrunk. The ventricle that contains the cerebrospinal fluid is enlarged. The disease Alzheimer is affecting over 5.3 millions of Americans it cost over $148 billion annually to take care of an Alzheimers patient (Alazraki).In the early stages of Alzheimers disease, the short-term memory begins to fade, when the cells in the brain begins to diminishes, the ability to perform routine tasks declines. As Alzheimers disease spreads through the cerebral cortex judgment declines, emotional outbursts may occur and language is impaired. As the disease progresses, more nerve cells die, leading to changes in behavior, such as wandering and agitation. In the final stages of the disease, people may lose the ability to recognize faces and communicate they normally canno t control bodily functions and require constant care.Physicians discuss with the patient and family which tests are most appropriate to establish the correct diagnosis but there is no test that diagnose Alzheimer disease, but the disease is diagnosed by the symptoms, firstly patients have to complete a physical examination to rule out some symptoms, the patient the patient mental status and neuropsychological will be assessed to determine which thinking and memory function may be affected. The patient may have a psychiatric assessment to rule out some mental illness and depression. The patient may be asked to do a brain scan (MRI, CT scan, and PET scan) to help detect signs and symptoms of stroke that can bring changes to the structure of brain associated with thinking. Blood test may be ordered to check for infection, kidney and liver function, electrolyte level, thyroid disorder and other factors that can cause memory loss. Other tests that sometimes provide important diagnostic i nformation include electroencephalogram (EEG), urine tests, and tests on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by a lumbar puncture. The possible drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are tacrine which should be taken on an empty survive, one hour before, or two hours after meals. If stomach upset occurs, it may be taken with meals however, food can diminish tacrine blood levels significantly. The possible side effect of this drug is diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain and loss of appetite. Donepezil is expected to delay the onset of Alzheimer disease for about one year in people suffering from mild cognitive impairment it belongs to a class of drugs called cholinesterase inhibitors, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for the destruction of one neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. The possible side effects associated with this drug include headache, generalized pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, dizziness, muscle c ramping, joint pain, diarrhea, insomnia, and increased frequency of urination. Namenda was actually prescribed for moderate to severe stage Alzheimer disease but now is being prescribed even in earlier stages of the disease, Namenda is an orally active receptor antagonist that regulates the body process of glumate in the brain. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms in Lewy body disease. Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, it is generally considered to be among the long-acting benzodiazepines and Opiate drugs used to relieve pain. Antipsychotic drugs not approved by FDA are sometimes used to treat agitation include, Risperidone Benzodiazepines and drugs such as Olanzapine , Quetiapine , Ziprasadone .The drugs increase the risk of death in elderly patients and the side effects include sedation, confusion and increased muscle tone.CITATIONCharles L. White, Autopsy for dementia 2010Croft, H arry. Psychiatric medication medication for mental illness http//www.healthplace.com/otherinfo/psychiatric-disorder-definations/medication. 5 may 2010Alazraki, Melly. Nothing you can do will help daily finance 5/01/10. 11.00am http//www.dailyfinance.com/story/nih-on-alzheimer-much/19460466/mellyalazrakiHopkins, John. Special Report. 7thth ed. New York forward-looking York Times, 2009. Print. Kesner, Julian. Three new dementia fighters. Prevention Jan. 2009 104. Professional Collection. Web. 04 May, 2010Webmd.com 2010

Cluster Analysis in Marketing Research

glob Analysis in Marketing ResearchQ5.Describe pack analysis with 2 examples related to selling look?AnsCluster Analysis It is the task of grouping a doctor of objects in such a way that objects in the same group ar more than similar to each other than to those in other groups. grammatical grammatical case 1 geek of customers claim the eating placeFamily, Entertainers, Singles etc framework 2 Type of customers that choose the restaurant based on their food pickaxe.Vegetarian/Non vegetarianMexi sternnister, Indian, South Indian, troubled food etcWhat ar three characteristics of a good place flock analysis? AnsThe reason for request question Q Type of customers that choose the restaurant based on their food choice. (Vegetarian/Non vegetarian)Collection process of info objects.It helps me to understand the of customers food choice.Analysis of similarities between information objectsBased on the entropy we tush die which type of customers on their food choice veg/ non veg.Veg is one group and non-veg is a nonher.Can come up with good implementation of analysis (e.g. problem solving)Answer to the Survey hindquarters help us to understand the correctet demand and we can extend the similar food at the restaurant based on information gathitherd. representativeQ6. Describe soft and vicenary research methods with one payoff and disadvantage of each.AnsQualitative researchThe information gathered is non-numerical and efficiency include responses to an open ended panorama question, dialogue from a counsel group, the answer to an essay question, a term paper, or ideas brainstormed by a group.Qualitative data is not limited to words, however, and could include the contents of an contrivance or design portfolio.Qualitative research holds observation as the data collection method. card is the selection and recording of behaviors of sight in their environment. Observation is useful for gene evaluate in-depth descriptions of organizations or rasets, for obtaining information that is otherwise inaccessible, and for conducting research when other methods argon inadequate. lesson Why you like our restaurant, describe?Advantage of Qualitative researchRespondents argon free to answer on the whole way they would like stimulus/answer.One advantage of the qualitative approach is that contextual information is gathered when the data is collected. In other words, why is automatically answered/provided in the data.Qualitative research is useful on early stage when we ar not sure about what to study.Disadvantage of Qualitative researchIt is expensive and duration consuming. It can take a long age to collect and analyze the data.For querys it would take 10+ hours to have hour long wonders with a dishonor 10 people and that does not include the succession needed to schedule the questions. snip taken for 1 interview = time taken for interview + time taken to schedule interview + time to analyze data (recordings and notes e tcetera. decimal research All of the data collected would be counted or quantified.ExampleSomeones age, income, height or weight would be quantitative dataNumber of hits on a websiteThe number of correct responses on a driving testThe number of minutes per week elevator car fuel efficiency in KM.Advantage of numeric researchIt is little expensive and an efficient method for gathering information especially for cosmic groups of people.Online surveys are easy way to collect data from large groups of people.In restaurant we have large database of substance abusers through data collection.It is easy and address effective to send and collect feedback through online surveys.The USA government collects nosecount information every 10 years.The government doesnt try to interview everyone in the USA instead they mail out surveys to be accurate a very efficient form of data collection.Disadvantage of Quantitative researchIt commandly does not include an explanation of why.For example, respondents are asked to consecrate the quality of faculty answers at the restaurant using the spare-time activity home base Excellent , Good ,Fine, Fair ,or Poor.That question would fork over quantitative data because we could count the number of people who selected each of the tetrad response options. But knowing how many people found a quality of staff as Excellent does not provide any insights into why it is excellent.Also respondents are limited to set of options to respond and they may not feel that any of the options best describes their experience.Q7 Qualitative research.a) Depth Interview Interviewing is a method ofqualitative researchin which the researcher asks open-ended questions orally and records the respondents answers.Example cause to search / telephonic bank line Interviews can be depth interviews.Interviewer starts with greeting by asking familiar set of general questions to make up comfort level for interviewee/respondent.Q How are you?Q Where are you from?Q Can you ravish describe yourself?AdvantageAccurate results.Better rapport.More productive asCompared with non-response among centering group membersFlexible and continuousDisadvantageIt is comprisely and time consuming. little structured.b) Focus Groups Itis a form ofqualitative researchin which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging.One focus group watches another(prenominal) focus group and discusses the observed interactions and conclusion.ExampleIt is useful in marketing as primary(prenominal) tool to acquiringfeedback regarding product/services.In social comprehension it helps Interviewers to study people in a more natural converse pattern than typically occurs in a one-to-one interview.AdvantageThe face to face involvement of a moderator can ensure things on track.As everybody is under observation, so it is easy to make everybody fully engage even during free time.DisadvantageCan be Biased discussion can be dominated by a few people.Group discussions can be difficult to steer and control.c) Projective TechniquesOriginally developed to use in psychology.The use of vague, ambiguous, unstructured stimulus objects or situations in which the subject projects his or her personality, attitude, opinions and self-concept to let on the situation some structure.ExampleA personality test.Photo voice communication Test. (using pictures).AdvantagePersonality test is cost effective. (Only use paper and can be scored by hand or using a machine, can be taken home and returned later)Personality test is Objectivity (questions are mostly true/false) .Disadvantages Sheer length.Untruth (e.g With personality test objective, there is always possibility that test taker never tell the truth.)d) Random chance samplingExampleAdvantageDisadvantageQ8 Quantitative research.a) Face to Face interview In person interaction between two or more persons.F ace to face interviews are characterised by synchronous communication in time and place.ExampleSurveys of product and services.Job Interviews are mostly face to face.Interviewer starts with greeting and then asks familiar set of general questions to create comfort level for interviewee/respondent.Sample set of questions for surveyQ hi Mam/Sir, How are you? Greeting questionQ Where are you from? Greeting questionQ How do you like our restaurant food? Aimed QuestionAdvantageHigh responsive, there is no significant time delay between question and answerthe interviewer and interviewee can directly react on what the other says or does.The answer of the interviewee/respondent is more spontaneous.Interviewer can formulate questions depending upon response from interviewee.Recorded, can be use later if essential.DisadvantageTime Consuming.Expensive.Difficult to locate respondent.b) Telephone interviewTelephonic interviews are characterised by asynchronous communication for place.ExampleSur veys Job Interviews.Telephone interviewsare often conducted by employers in the initial interview round of thehiring process.Starts with greeting then main set of questions related to product/service etc.Sample set of questions for surveyQ Am I speaking to Ajit?Q Is it right time to talk?Q I have few questions about Chawalas Indian restaurant?Q How do you like our restaurant staff?AdvantageIt is a cost-effective.Saves time.Extendedaccess to participantsThe telephone interview allows both interviewee/respondent and interviewer to be in a morerelaxed state as compared with face to face.Wide geographical access.It en fits researchers to contact populations that world power be difficult to work with on an face to face al-Qaida for example mothers at home with small children, shift workers, computer addicts and people with disabilities.DisadvantageDifficult to locate person.Difficult to see the reaction of the interviewee/respondent.No view on the situation in which the interviewee is situated.Disconnection due to engine room issues.c) Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing It is an interviewing technique in which the respondent or interviewer uses a computer to answer the questions.ExampleJob interviews.Psychometric tests.Sample set of questions for surveyQ What is your age?Q Male or fe priapic?Q Rate of restaurant staff services? Rate from 1lower to 5higherAdvantageCost effective and time saving.Respondents are fit to fill in the questionnaires themselvesAttractinga worldwide audience.DisadvantageSurveysare completely for computer dig out people. (Potential bias to the survey)Quality is missing (a question that should be interpreted in a particular way, but could also be interpreted differently) plurality take for grantedt know or dislike typing. Leave subjective questions unansweredd) blade based Questionnaire AWeb-based surveyis the collection of data through a self administered electronic set of questions on the WebExampleMany companies use survey mo nkey to get feedback for their product.Survey monkey is one of the sites which help in creating web based questionnaire. (https//www.surveymonkey.com/)Sample set of questions for surveyQ How old are you?Q Are you male or female?Q Do you like our restaurant?AdvantageIt is cost effective and time saving.Large set of responses can be handled easily. uncomplicated to create/manage (sites are self explanatory, eg survery monkey).DisadvantageResources may not be avail suit competent to everybody (computer, peregrine, internet etc)Not everybody is aware of technology.People dont know or dislike typing. Leave subjective questions unansweredFormulation of questions required lot of time, expertise and knowledge.Q1How would you apply measurement method to this situation?A variable measured on a nominal scale is a variable that does not really have any evaluative distinction.ExampleWould you like to recommend the restaurant to your friends? Yes/NoThe answer to the question has no evaluative di stinction.How would you apply scaling methods to this situation?By using no. measurement scaling method to scale the situation.Ordinal The ordinal scale has the billet of both personal identity and magnitudeExample How would you rate the quality/taste of our food and drinks? (Rate from 1 5)1 (Really Bad)2 (Poor)3 (Average)4 (Good)5 (Excellent)By asking this question I would be able to know the quality of the food provided at the restaurant.Q3Primary Scales of measurement that that are used in Statistical analysisNominalOrdinal time intervalRatio scalesNominal The nominal scale of measurement only satisfies the identity property of measurementExample What is your country of citizenship?The Country that someone was innate(p) in has no inherent order so it can only be a nominal scale.Ordinal The ordinal scale has the property of both identity and magnitude.Example Identify the scale of measurement for the following Information TechnologyCompany Organisation Titles (1) chief exec utive officer, (2) Manager, (3) Project Lead and (4) group Lead.The scale is ordinal. There is an inherent ordering in that a CEO is higher than a Manager, which is higher than a Project Lead, which is higher than police squad Lead.CEO Manager Project Lead Team Lead date has Rank orders.IntervalThe interval scale of measurement has the properties of identity, magnitude, and equal intervals.ExampleQuestion Time of the day.The residue between 4 and 5is equal to the difference between 18 and 19.Ratio ScalesThe ratio scale of measurement satisfies all four of the properties of measurement identity, magnitude, equal intervals, and a minimum value of zero.ExampleWhat is Income earned last year?It has equal intervals weekly, biweekly and monthly etc.Salary can be zero. (For unemployed)Q4Difference between comparative scaling and not comparative scaling techniques in the marketing research. relative leveling The items are directly compared with each other.Paired comparisonIt is somet imes the case that marketing researchers wish to find out which are the most important factors in determining the demand for a productExample Which restaurant/Food do you prefer?Dominos or Pizza army hutItalian pizza or Cheese PizzaBy asking this question first I would be able to analyze the choice of user. First the type of restaurant than the type of pizza.By asking this able to analyze the demand of product.Dollar Metric ComparisonsThis type of scale is an computer address of the paired comparison method in that it requires respondents to indicate both their perceptiveness and how much they are willing to pay for their preferenceThe Unity-sum-gain techniqueA common problem with launching new products is one of reaching a decision as to what options, and how many options one offersExampleRate the mobile products (from 1 to 5)(1 is lower and 5 is higher)AppleSamsungNokiaLGMotorolaBy this I would be able to know which company is most preferred by the user and at what lever and he lp us is launching new product.Non Comparative scaling techniquesEach item is scaled independently of the others.Continuous rating scalesThe respondents are asked to give a rating by placing a mark at the appropriate position on a continuous line.How would be rate our staff services?1 (Really Bad)2 (Poor)3 (Average)4 (Good)5 (Excellent)By asking this question I would be able to understand get the rating on quality from 1 to 5. 1 is lower and 5 is higher.Line marking scaleItemised rating scales With an itemised scale, respondents are provided with a scale having numbers and/or brief descriptions associated with each menage and are asked to select one of the limited number of categories, ordered in terms of scale position, that best describes the product, brand, company or product attribute being studied.Example How would you rate the price of food items in the notice ?Very ExpensiveExpensiveVery goodGood low-costBy asking this question to customer of the restaurant I would be able to analyze the rate of food listed in the menu.

Essay --

In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote a gruesomely, memorable expos which he entitle The jungle. Readers cannot ignore what falls into the sausage vats, the rotting ham that is no semipermanent sold as ham, or the rats. Sinclair awakened a nation not just to the dangers in the food supply, but to the central role establishment has to play in keeping it safe (Cohen). I read The Jungle as a freshman in high school and it took this fright book to open my eyes to industrial animate being farming and where it stands in America today. While the Food and Drug Act has cleaned up the gory images of humans falling into meat grinders, is the picture any less distressing for America, its resources, and its farmed animals?Between watering the crops for farmed animals, providing drinking water for these animals, and cleaning away their bollix that is found in factory farms, transportation trucks, and slaughterhouses, the farm-raised animal places an enormous communication channel on the water supply. Nearly half of all the water utilize in the United States goes to raising animals for food (Meat Production). According to PETA, one would maintain more than water by not eating a hammer of meat than they would by not showering for six months. As follow outn Fig4. it takes many more thousands of gallons of water to produce meat, while growing the same amount of fruits and vegetables considers significantly less water. An article in the New York Times asserted that by changing ones diet to replace 50% of animal products with edible plants like legumes, nuts, and tubers results in a 30% reduction in an individuals food-related water footprint. Going vegetarian reduces that water footprint by almost 60% (McWilliams). Armed with this knowledge, one can clearly see that vegetarians save tremendous qu... ...ation. Beef also used the most debark and had the highest acidification impacts. Lamb did a bit better, followed by pigs, and chicken came out on top . This being s aid, chicken farming still has a major impact on the environment. Just because the most widely eaten meat in America is the greenest of the meats does not mean it is entirely green. As shocking as this is, remember, this statistic is minuscule when compared to cows.Both a meat-based diet and a vegetarian diet require significant quantities of nonrenewable fossil fuels, water, and land, but a meat-based diet in conclusion requires more .The average American gets 67% their dietary protein from animal sources (Fig.7 and creation Health), compared with a world-wide average of 34%. This quite is a significant contrariety and the USs 67% is largely made up of cut in bought animal products (Public Health).