Thomas Jefferson :: Biography Biographies Bio Jefferson Essays

Thomas JeffersonJefferson was born at Shadwell, his fathers home in Albemarle county, Va., on April 13, 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson, a man of legendary strength, was a successful planter and surveyor who gained minor title to fame as an explorer and mapmaker. His prominence in his own locality is attested by the fact that he served as a burgess and as county lieutenant. Jefferson later held the same offices. Through his nonplus, Jane Randolph, a member of one of the close famous Virginia families, Thomas was related to many of the most prominent people in Virginia.Besides being well born, Thomas Jefferson was well educated. In small private schools, notably that of James Maury, he was exhaustively grounded in the classics. He attended the College of William and Mary--completing the course in 1762--where Dr. William Small taught him mathematics and introduced him to science. He associated intimately with the liberal-minded Lt. Gov. Francis Fauquier, and read law (1762-1767) w ith George Wythe, the greatest law teacher of his genesis in Virginia.Jefferson became unusually good at law. He was admitted to the bar in 1767 and practiced until 1774, when the courts were closed by the American Revolution. He was a successful lawyer, though professional income was only a supplement. He had inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, and doubled it by a happy marriage on Jan. 1, 1772, to Martha Wayles Skelton However, his father-in-laws estate imposed a burdensome debt on Jefferson. He began building Monticello before his marriage, but his mansion was not completed in its present jump until a generation later.Jeffersons lifelong emphasis on local government grew directly from his own experience. He served as magistrate and as county lieutenant of Albemarle county. Elected to the household of Burgesses when he was 25, he served there from 1769 to 1774, showing himself to be an effective committeeman and skillful draftsman, though not an able speaker .The Revolutionary EraFrom the beginning of the struggle with the mother country, Jefferson stood with the more advanced Patriots, grounding his position on a wide knowledge of English history and political philosophy. His most notable early region to the cause of the Patriots was his powerful pamphlet A Summary View of the Rights of British America (made in 1774), originally written for presentation to the Virginia convention of that year. In this he emphasized natural rights, including that of emigration, and denied parliamentary authority over the colonies, recognizing no tie with the mother country except the king.